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Characteristics of Some Selected Methods of Rare Earth Elements Recovery from Coal Fly Ashes
Metals ( IF 2.9 ) Pub Date : 2021-01-12 , DOI: 10.3390/met11010142
Aleksandra Rybak , Aurelia Rybak

The article covers the issues related to the characteristics, application, and some methods of rare earth elements (REEs) recovery from coal fly ashes. REEs are elements with growing demand and a very wide range of application, especially when it comes to modern technologies. The conducted analysis and price forecast proved the existing upward tendency, and this confirmed the need to search for new REE sources, among industrial waste (proecological effect). The development of the REE recovery technology would involve solving several problems related to REE speciation, optimization of factors controlling their extractivity and selection of the REE separation method from obtained extraction solutions with a very extreme pH and complicated composition. The paper presented advantages and disadvantages of usually used methods of REE separation from coal fly ashes, like physical and acid–base leaching. It was also presented alternative REE recovery techniques in the form of membrane and biological methods and based on ion liquids (ILs) or chelating agents. The directions of further modifications, which will allow the efficient REE recovery were presented. The aim of this article was to propose specific solutions based on the creation of appropriate multistage method of REE recovery. It will be a combination of magnetic and size separation, acid–base leaching (including roasting in justified cases), removal of matrix elements with ILs (Al, Si, and Fe), and finally REE membrane separation, allowing one to obtain the appropriate process efficiency.

中文翻译:

从粉煤灰中回收稀土元素的几种精选方法的特点

本文涵盖了与煤粉煤灰中稀土元素(REE)的特性,应用和一些方法有关的问题。REE是需求增长且具有广泛应用的元素,尤其是在涉及现代技术时。进行的分析和价格预测证明了目前的上升趋势,这证实了需要在工业废物中寻找新的稀土来源(生态效应)。REE回收技术的发展将涉及解决与REE形态有关的几个问题,优化控制其提取率的因素以及从获得的具有非常高的pH和复杂组成的提取溶液中选择REE分离方法的问题。本文介绍了从煤粉煤灰中分离稀土元素的常用方法的优缺点,例如物理浸出和酸碱浸出。还以膜和生物方法的形式,基于离子液体(IL)或螯合剂的形式,提出了替代性REE回收技术。提出了进一步修改的方向,这将允许有效的REE恢复。本文的目的是在创建适当的多级REE恢复方法的基础上提出特定的解决方案。这将是磁分离和尺寸分离,酸碱浸出(包括在合理情况下进行焙烧),用离子液体(Al,Si和Fe)去除基质元素以及最后进行REE膜分离的组合,使人们可以获得合适的分离方法。工艺效率。还以膜和生物方法的形式,基于离子液体(IL)或螯合剂的形式,提出了替代性REE回收技术。提出了进一步修改的方向,这将允许有效的REE恢复。本文的目的是在创建适当的多级REE恢复方法的基础上提出特定的解决方案。这将是磁分离和尺寸分离,酸碱浸出(包括在合理情况下进行焙烧),用离子液体(Al,Si和Fe)去除基质元素以及最后进行REE膜分离的组合,使人们可以获得合适的分离方法。工艺效率。还以膜和生物方法的形式,基于离子液体(IL)或螯合剂的形式,提出了替代性REE回收技术。提出了进一步修改的方向,这将允许有效的REE恢复。本文的目的是在创建适当的多级REE恢复方法的基础上提出特定的解决方案。这将是磁分离和尺寸分离,酸碱浸出(包括在合理情况下进行焙烧),用离子液体(Al,Si和Fe)去除基质元素以及最后进行REE膜分离的组合,使人们可以获得合适的分离方法。工艺效率。这将允许有效的REE恢复。本文的目的是在创建适当的多级REE恢复方法的基础上提出特定的解决方案。这将是磁分离和尺寸分离,酸碱浸出(包括在合理情况下进行焙烧),用离子液体(Al,Si和Fe)去除基质元素以及最后进行REE膜分离的组合,使人们可以获得合适的分离方法。工艺效率。这将允许有效的REE恢复。本文的目的是在创建适当的多级REE恢复方法的基础上提出特定的解决方案。这将是磁分离和尺寸分离,酸碱浸出(包括在合理情况下进行焙烧),用离子液体(Al,Si和Fe)去除基质元素以及最后进行REE膜分离的组合,使人们可以获得合适的分离方法。工艺效率。
更新日期:2021-01-12
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