Ground-based remote sensing equipment have the potential to be used for the nowcasting of the tephra hazard from volcanic eruptions. To do so raw data from the equipment first need to be accurately transformed to tephra-related physical quantities. In order to establish these relations for Sakurajima volcano, Japan, we propose a methodology based on high-resolution simulations. An eruption that occurred at Sakurajima on 16 July 2018 is used as the basis of a pilot study. The westwards dispersal of the tephra cloud was ideal for the observation network that has been installed near the volcano. In total, the plume and subsequent tephra cloud were recorded by 2 XMP radars, 1 lidar and 3 optical disdrometers, providing insight on all phases of the eruption, from plume generation to tephra transport away from the volcano. The Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) and FALL3D models were used to reconstruct the transport and deposition patterns. Simulated airborne tephra concentration and accumulated load were linked, respectively, to lidar backscatter intensity and radar reflectivity. Overall, results highlight the possibility of using such a high-resolution modelling-based methodology as a reliable complementary strategy to common approaches for retrieving tephra-related quantities from remote sensing data.

中文翻译：

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日本樱岛火山特菲拉运输临近预报定标的计算方法

地面遥感设备有潜力用于火山喷发造成的提菲拉灾害的临近预报。为此，首先需要将来自设备的原始数据准确地转换为与蒂法拉相关的物理量。为了与日本樱岛火山建立这些关系，我们提出了一种基于高分辨率模拟的方法。2018年7月16日在樱岛发生的一次喷发被用作试点研究的基础。火山云的向西扩散是火山附近安装的观测网络的理想选择。总的来说，烟羽和随后的特弗拉云由2台XMP雷达，1台激光雷达和3台光学测速仪记录下来，提供了从喷发到烟气从火山的运输到烟气的所有喷发阶段的信息。天气研究和预报（WRF）和FALL3D模型被用于重建运输和沉积模式。模拟的空中提夫拉浓度和累积载荷分别与激光雷达的后向散射强度和雷达反射率相关。总体而言，结果凸显了使用这种基于高分辨率建模的方法作为对从遥感数据中检索与特非拉相关量的常用方法的可靠补充策略的可能性。