Traditional, complementary, and integrative medicine are globally accepted alternative methods for the treatment of diabetes mellitus (DM). However, the mechanism of anti-diabetic effects of Helianthus tuberosus L. remains unproven. In the present study, antioxidant and anti-diabetic activity of the tubers of H. tuberosus were studied in detail. Methanolic extracts of H. tuberosus tubers were subjected to solvent fractionation method by increasing the polarity of the solvent using n-hexane, and ethyl acetate. The obtained methanol extracts and its fractions were subjected to free radical scavenging activity (DPPH and ABTS assay) and in vitro enzyme (α-amylase and α-glucosidase) inhibition assay. Moreover, glucose uptake in insulin-resistant HepG2 cell line was analyzed. The preliminary phytochemical analysis confirmed the presence of phenolic and flavonoid compounds in the active fraction. The radical scavenging and in vitro diabetic related enzyme inhibitory activities were found to be dose dependent. The maximum ABTS⁺ and DPPH scavenging activity was documented in ethyl acetate fraction of the H. tuberosus followed by methanol extract, hexane fraction, and methanol fraction. We also found that H. tuberosus showed a less toxicity in mouse fibroblast cells and enhance the glucose uptake in insulin-resistant HepG2 cells. Besides, the ethyl acetate fraction of the H. tuberosus analyzed by UPLC-QTOF-MS-MS and GC/MS revealed the presence of phenolic compounds such as neochlorogenic acid, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, 5-O-(4-coumaroyl)-quinic acid, feruloylquinic acid, caffeoylquinic acid, isoxazolidine, salicylic acid β-D-glucoside, dicaffeoylquinic acid isomers, salvianolic acid derivative isomers, and 1,4 dicaffeoylquinic acid etc. Among the identified phytochemicals, six were chosen for molecular docking study to explore their its inhibitory interactions with α-amylase and α-glucosidase. Taken together, the findings of the present study suggested that phytocompounds of EAF were responsible for the significant in vitro antioxidant, wound-healing, and anti-diabetic activities.

中文翻译：

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向日葵的乙酸乙酯部分在抗胰岛素的人肝癌和小鼠成纤维细胞中诱导抗糖尿病和伤口愈合活性

传统的，补充性的和综合性的药物是治疗糖尿病（DM）的全球公认的替代方法。但是，向日葵抗糖尿病作用的机制尚未得到证实。在本研究中，详细研究了马铃薯块茎的抗氧化和抗糖尿病活性。通过使用n增加溶剂的极性，对马铃薯的块茎甲醇提取物进行溶剂分级分离。-己烷和乙酸乙酯。对获得的甲醇提取物及其馏分进行自由基清除活性（DPPH和ABTS分析）和体外酶（α-淀粉酶和α-葡萄糖苷酶）抑制试验。此外，分析了胰岛素抵抗性HepG2细胞系中的葡萄糖摄取。初步的植物化学分析证实了活性级分中存在酚类和类黄酮化合物。发现自由基清除和体外糖尿病相关的酶抑制活性是剂量依赖性的。最大的ABTS ⁺和DPPH清除活性记录在马铃薯的乙酸乙酯级分中，其次是甲醇提取物，己烷级分和甲醇级分。我们还发现结核杆菌在小鼠成纤维细胞中显示出较低的毒性，并增强了胰岛素抵抗性HepG2细胞的葡萄糖摄取。此外，的乙酸乙酯部分菊芋分析由UPLC-QTOF-MS-MS和GC / MS显示如neochlorogenic酸，绿原酸，咖啡酸，酚类化合物的存在下5- Ò-（4-香豆酰基）-奎宁酸，阿魏酰奎尼酸，咖啡酰奎尼酸，异恶唑烷，水杨酸β-D-葡糖苷，二咖啡豆酰奎尼酸异构体，丹酚酸衍生物异构体和1,4-二咖啡豆酰奎尼酸等。在鉴定出的植物化学物质中有六种选择进行分子对接研究以探讨其与α-淀粉酶和α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制作用。综上所述，本研究的发现表明，EAF的植物化合物是重要的体外抗氧化剂，伤口愈合和抗糖尿病活性。