ABSTRACT

Gated communities have evolved into providing unique residential offerings aimed at specific markets. Eco-estates and eco-friendly estates are examples of such niche estates which have witnessed increasing growth in their development throughout South Africa. This paper overviews the literature on the evolution of gated communities and provides a spatial articulation of the location of eco- and eco-friendly estates in South Africa towards creating a categorization of eco-developments. The study is positioned in the theoretical realms of eco-form and eco-urbanism which scaffold the global surge in eco-developments. A database of eco-developments in South Africa was created from several sources and surveys were conducted among developers and estate managers of such developments. The locational analysis shows most eco-developments being located in the Western Cape, Gauteng and KwaZulu-Natal, while more than half of the proposed developments were destined for the remaining provinces. Eco-estates and eco-friendly estates show a predilection for sites on the urban edge, along the coast or with mountain views. Criteria based on eco-practices were selected as standards for a five-category continuum of eco-estates. When applied the categorization confirms that eco-developments display differing levels of eco-ness. While eco-developments do have positive ecological impacts and they do enhance sustainable living, they do not add to social connectivity as they are exclusive ecological islands surrounded by walls.

摘要

封闭式社区已经发展为针对特定市场提供独特的住宅产品。生态庄园和生态友好型庄园是此类利基庄园的例子，它们在整个南非的发展都在不断增长。本文概述了有关封闭式社区演变的文献，并提供了南非生态和生态友好型庄园位置的空间表述，以创建生态发展的分类。该研究定位于生态形态和生态城市主义的理论领域，它们支撑着全球生态发展的激增。从多个来源创建了一个南非生态开发数据库，​​并对此类开发的开发商和房地产经理进行了调查。选址分析显示，大多数生态开发项目位于西开普省、豪登省和夸祖鲁-纳塔尔省，而超过一半的拟议开发项目将运往其余省份。生态庄园和生态友好型庄园偏爱位于城市边缘、沿海或山景的地点。基于生态实践的标准被选为五类生态庄园的标准。当应用分类时，生态发展显示出不同的生态水平。虽然生态发展确实具有积极的生态影响，并且它们确实增强了可持续生活，但它们并没有增加社会联系，因为它们是被围墙包围的专属生态岛屿。而超过一半的拟议开发项目将运往其余省份。生态庄园和生态友好型庄园偏爱位于城市边缘、沿海或山景的地点。基于生态实践的标准被选为五类生态庄园的标准。当应用分类时，生态发展显示出不同的生态水平。虽然生态发展确实具有积极的生态影响，并且它们确实增强了可持续生活，但它们并没有增加社会联系，因为它们是被围墙包围的专属生态岛屿。而超过一半的拟议开发项目将运往其余省份。生态庄园和生态友好型庄园偏爱位于城市边缘、沿海或山景的地点。基于生态实践的标准被选为五类生态庄园的标准。当应用分类时，生态发展显示出不同的生态水平。虽然生态发展确实具有积极的生态影响，并且它们确实增强了可持续生活，但它们并没有增加社会联系，因为它们是被围墙包围的专属生态岛屿。基于生态实践的标准被选为五类生态庄园的标准。当应用分类时，生态发展显示出不同的生态水平。虽然生态发展确实具有积极的生态影响，并且它们确实增强了可持续生活，但它们并没有增加社会联系，因为它们是被围墙包围的专属生态岛屿。基于生态实践的标准被选为五类生态庄园的标准。当应用分类时，生态发展显示出不同的生态水平。虽然生态发展确实具有积极的生态影响，并且它们确实增强了可持续生活，但它们并没有增加社会联系，因为它们是被围墙包围的专属生态岛屿。