ABSTRACT

By revisiting its history from 1870 down to the present, this essay examines the role played by the figure of the parkway – both as idea and as object – in the urban development of the New York metropolitan area. It is the ‘Odyssey’ that interests us here: from the emergence of the Brooklyn parkways designed by Frederick Law Olmsted and Calvert Vaux, to the invention as a total project of the first modern parkway along the Bronx river, from the deployment of a system of regional parkways planned by Robert Moses in the 1930s to its obliteration in the face of the prominent development of highways, followed by the first attempts to rehabilitate historic parkways in the 1970s, when the city was going through a major crisis. Today, the renewed interest of designers and historians has made the parkway an important part of the heritage of urban planning, confronted with major projects and operations that mobilize different scales, uses and disciplines, between conflicting urban policies and temporal shifts. By looking back on its past and projecting its future, the inventory of the New York Parkway history provides valuable lessons with regard to the global changes affecting the contemporary city.

摘要

通过回顾它从 1870 年到现在的历史，本文考察了公园大道的形象——无论是作为理念还是作为对象——在纽约大都市区的城市发展中所扮演的角色。我们在这里感兴趣的是“奥德赛”：从弗雷德里克·劳·奥姆斯特德和卡尔弗特·沃克斯设计的布鲁克林公园大道的出现，到作为布朗克斯河沿岸第一条现代公园大道的整体项目的发明，从系统的部署罗伯特·摩西 (Robert Moses) 在 1930 年代规划的区域公园大道在面临高速公路的显着发展时遭到破坏，随后在 1970 年代首次尝试修复历史悠久的公园大道，当时该市正经历一场重大危机。今天，设计师和历史学家重新产生兴趣，使公园大道成为城市规划遗产的重要组成部分，面临着在相互冲突的城市政策和时间变化之间调动不同规模、用途和学科的重大项目和运营。通过回顾过去并展望未来，纽约公园大道历史的清单为影响当代城市的全球变化提供了宝贵的经验教训。