ABSTRACT

India’s 2009 policy on biodiesel remains controversial to date. It excludes voices of marginalized people such as landless workers and knowledges associated with diverse feedstock cultivation practices. It considers the ‘upscaling’ of biodiesel production to be straightforward, based on easy transferability between diverse socio-material contexts. The policy’s marginalization of the immense diversity of India’s lands, peoples, perspectives, and practices is based on a neglect of socio-material relations and their multiplicity. A relational analysis highlights the need for alternate inclusive policy processes. Such processes include as evidence the diverse knowledges of interested people and relevant things. They recognize that each entity is known differently depending on how its socio-material relations are approached. Inclusive policy processes also highlight the adjustments that are required to translate a policy out of one socio-material setting and into another. Finally, inclusive policy processes help build realities relying not only on the knowledges from policy experts and firms, but also on the marginalized knowledges of grassroots actors such as smallholders and environmental activists.

摘要

迄今为止，印度2009年的生物柴油政策仍存在争议。它不包括边缘人（如无地工人）的声音以及与各种原料种植实践相关的知识。它认为生物柴油生产的“升级”是直接的，这是基于在各种社会物质环境之间的容易转移。该政策对印度土地，人民，观点和做法的巨大多样性的边缘化是基于对社会物质关系及其多样性的忽视。关系分析突出了对替代性包容性政策流程的需求。这些过程包括感兴趣的人和相关事物的各种知识作为证据。他们认识到每个实体的知名度取决于如何它的社会物质关系得到了解决。包容性政策流程还强调了将一项政策从一种社会物质环境转化为另一种社会物质环境所需的调整。最后，包容性政策流程不仅依靠政策专家和公司的知识，而且还依靠草根行为者（如小农和环境活动家）的边际知识，有助于建立现实。