ABSTRACT

Activism in the late-1960s through the early 1970s in the radical psychology movement created the foundation for an intellectual critique and political practice that was part of a group of overall radical science movements that would become important components of STS in practice. The radical psychology movement emphasized lay perspectives in science and medicine, public participation in science, alternative care, and citizen-science alliances. The anti-psychiatry movement among professionals complemented this phenomenon. Groups such as Psychologists for a Democratic Society and numerous mental patients' rights groups, publications like The Radical Therapist, radical caucuses in professional organizations, and a burgeoning feminist therapy approach helped create a major challenge to normal science in the mental health sector. Participants in these movements were connected to broader health activism and to radical science efforts. Lessons from these challenges to the status quo were useful in developing critical environmental health and justice movements later on, resulting in civic science and community-based participatory research projects which would become central elements of STS. These traditions also nourished a strong co-existence of scholarship and activism in many arenas of science and medicine.

摘要

1960年代后期到1970年代初期激进心理学运动的激进主义为知识分子的批判和政治实践奠定了基础，而理性批判和政治实践是一组整体激进科学运动的一部分，这些运动在实践中将成为STS的重要组成部分。激进的心理学运动强调了对科学和医学，公众对科学的参与，替代性护理以及公民与科学同盟的看法。专业人士中的反精神病运动补充了这一现象。诸如民主社会心理学家和众多精神病人权利团体之类的团体，《激进疗法》等出版物，专业组织中的激进因果关系以及新兴的女权主义治疗方法，对心理健康领域的普通科学造成了重大挑战。这些运动的参与者与更广泛的健康行动主义和激进的科学努力有关。从这些挑战到现状的经验教训对以后发展关键的环境健康和正义运动很有用，从而产生了公民科学和基于社区的参与性研究项目，这些项目将成为STS的核心要素。这些传统在许多科学和医学领域中也促进了学术和行动主义的强大共存。