ABSTRACT

How to help newcomers feel a greater sense of belonging in society has been the subject of ongoing debate in both policy and scholarly circles. This study posits that immigrant groups’ relatively low sense of belonging in many countries is partly a manifestation of unequal opportunity structure. Thus, the study hypothesizes that public anti-discrimination policies may serve as an effective intervention. Hierarchical linear modelling analyses have been conducted using data for 71,030 adolescents at 3,147 schools in 25 countries. The results show that while there exists a disparity in national belonging as perceived by immigrant and non-immigrant youth, societies with stronger anti-discrimination measures tend to reveal a smaller disparity. Further, hortatory and regulatory policies for anti-discrimination demonstrate a mutually reinforcing interplay, while regulatory policies appear to have a greater direct impact.

摘要

如何帮助新人在社会中感受到更大的归属感一直是政策和学术界持续争论的主题。本研究认为，移民群体在许多国家的归属感相对较低，部分是机会结构不平等的表现。因此，该研究假设公共反歧视政策可以作为一种有效的干预措施。使用来自 25 个国家的 3,147 所学校的 71,030 名青少年的数据进行了分层线性建模分析。结果表明，虽然移民和非移民青年对国家归属感的看法存在差异，但反歧视措施更强的社会往往会显示出较小的差异。更远，