ABSTRACT In the context of settler colonialism the immigration of white workers has generated a complex network of dynamics between race, labor, and whiteness. The intertwining of these three concepts can be better understood by analyzing them together, as interconnected tesserae of the same mosaic. Italian East Africa is the perfect case study. In a few years this settler colony was the site of a peculiar migratory wave by Italian workers: the phenomenon, rarely seen elsewhere in these proportions, was first encouraged by the authorities as an outlet for national unemployment, but it soon became clear that economic contraindications far outweighed the advantages. Furthermore, the presence of unskilled white workers constituted a threat to the settler social order, characterized by a strictly hierarchical racial distinction. While anxiety over their presence grew among the settler bourgeoisie, the authorities then moved from State-sponsored immigration to the compulsory repatriation of unskilled workers, to police raids for internment and expulsion of those who were unemployed. This case therefore demonstrates how unskilled white labor’s uncertain whiteness jeopardized the workers’ possibility of being part of a settler society in which race and class were closely connected.

中文翻译：

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“白奴”：意大利东非的劳工、白人和定居者殖民主义（1935-1941）

摘要 在定居者殖民主义的背景下，白人工人的移民在种族、劳动力和白人之间产生了一个复杂的动态网络。这三个概念的交织可以通过将它们一起分析来更好地理解，它们是同一马赛克的相互连接的镶嵌物。意大利东非是一个完美的案例研究。几年后，这个定居者殖民地成为意大利工人特殊移民潮的所在地：这种现象在其他地方很少见，最初被当局鼓励作为全国失业的出路，但很快就发现经济禁忌症远远超过了优势。此外，非熟练白人工人的存在对定居者的社会秩序构成了威胁，其特点是严格的等级种族区别。虽然定居资产阶级对他们的存在越来越感到焦虑，但当局随后从国家资助的移民转向强制遣返非技术工人，再到警方突袭拘留和驱逐失业者。因此，这个案例表明，非熟练白人劳工不确定的白人程度如何危及工人成为种族和阶级密切相关的定居社会的一部分的可能性。