ABSTRACT The history of Catalonia has involved a complex articulation between the national and the social questions. The history of Catalonia must be understood in terms of the complex divorces and marriages between Catalanism and the labor movement that has presented major strategic crossroads and struggles for the political leadership of the country, that overlap with the internal fights inside the labor movement and Catalanism. The currents of the labor movement that has best dealt with the national question in the history of Catalonia have been those that have understood its political and strategic dimension and the need not leave it in the hands of the bourgeoisie and the middle classes, while seeking to develop an independent approach to the question. This article explores the link between the national and the social question in the history of Catalonia since late 19th Century till the rise of contemporary independence movement, through the strategic debates of the labor movement. First, it begins by formulating an overview of how the both issues have been linked. Second, it presents a historical overview in several phases: from the end of the 19th century to the Second Republic; the Republican period (1931–1939) and the Franco dictatorship (1939–1975). Finally, it briefly looks at the post-Franco period, culminating with an analysis of the phase that began in 2012 with the rise of the independence movement.

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加泰罗尼亚：民族问题与劳工的战略困境

摘要 加泰罗尼亚的历史涉及民族问题和社会问题之间的复杂联系。加泰罗尼亚的历史必须从加泰罗尼亚主义和劳工运动之间复杂的离婚和婚姻的角度来理解，劳工运动为国家的政治领导层提供了重大的战略十字路口和斗争，与劳工运动和加泰罗尼亚主义内部的内部斗争重叠。加泰罗尼亚历史上最好地处理民族问题的工人运动潮流是那些了解其政治和战略层面的潮流，并且不必将其交由资产阶级和中产阶级掌握，同时寻求开发一个独立的方法来解决这个问题。本文通过劳工运动的战略辩论，探讨了从 19 世纪末到当代独立运动兴起的加泰罗尼亚历史上民族问题与社会问题之间的联系。首先，它首先概述了这两个问题是如何联系在一起的。其次，它呈现了几个阶段的历史概况：从 19 世纪末到第二共和国；共和时期（1931-1939）和佛朗哥独裁时期（1939-1975）。最后，它简要回顾了后佛朗哥时期，最后分析了始于 2012 年独立运动兴起的阶段。它首先概述了这两个问题是如何联系在一起的。其次，它呈现了几个阶段的历史概况：从 19 世纪末到第二共和国；共和时期（1931-1939）和佛朗哥独裁时期（1939-1975）。最后，它简要回顾了后佛朗哥时期，最后分析了始于 2012 年独立运动兴起的阶段。它首先概述了这两个问题是如何联系在一起的。其次，它呈现了几个阶段的历史概况：从 19 世纪末到第二共和国；共和时期（1931-1939）和佛朗哥独裁时期（1939-1975）。最后，它简要回顾了后佛朗哥时期，最后分析了始于 2012 年独立运动兴起的阶段。