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Inequalities and poverty risks in old age across Europe: The double‐edged income effect of pension systems
Social Policy & Administration ( IF 2.283 ) Pub Date : 2021-01-12 , DOI: 10.1111/spol.12683 Bernhard Ebbinghaus 1
Social Policy & Administration ( IF 2.283 ) Pub Date : 2021-01-12 , DOI: 10.1111/spol.12683 Bernhard Ebbinghaus 1
Affiliation
While the sustainability of pension systems facing demographic ageing has been widely discussed, the adequacy of retirement income has often been neglected in current debate. However, considerable poverty and income inequality in old age exists across Europe. Using recent EU‐SILC data (2017/18), the comparative analysis of poverty rates and income inequality in old age shows important cross‐national variations that need to be seen in context of market‐related inequalities but also the specific pension system. Beveridge basic security is not always capable of effectively reducing poverty despite the explicit goal to do so. In addition, private funded pensions may generate social inequality. Some contributory Bismarckian systems are better suited to reduce poverty, but given their focus on status maintenance also reproduce inequality. Poverty rates are low due to encompassing basic pensions in Dutch and some Nordic multipillar systems and in core Central and Eastern European countries. Bismarckian pensions such as in Germany are generating some inequality and medium level of poverty, while France and some Southern European countries perform better on poverty but reproduce larger inequalities. Beveridge systems such as in the United Kingdom and Switzerland with rather meagre basic multipillar systems have relatively medium to high poverty risks. In addition, the Baltic countries and new EU member states in the periphery have the highest poverty rates across Europe. The analysis shows that the minimum income provision of public pension systems matters most for poverty risks, while the overall pension architecture has an impact on reproducing inequality in old age acquired during working life.
中文翻译:
欧洲老年人的不平等和贫困风险:养老金制度的双刃收入效应
尽管已经广泛讨论了面对人口老龄化的养老金制度的可持续性,但在当前的辩论中,人们常常忽略了退休收入的充足性。但是,整个欧洲都存在着相当大的贫困和老年收入不平等。使用最新的EU-SILC数据(2017/18),对老年人的贫困率和收入不平等进行的比较分析显示,重要的跨国差异需要在与市场相关的不平等的背景下加以观察,但也需要具体的养老金制度。尽管贝弗里奇的基本安全目标并不总是能够有效地减轻贫困。此外,私人养老金可能会导致社会不平等。某些s斯麦贡献性体系更适合于减少贫困,但考虑到他们对维持地位的关注,也会重现不平等现象。由于包括荷兰和一些北欧多支柱体系以及中欧和东欧核心国家的基本养老金,贫困率很低。Germany斯麦养老金(例如在德国)正在产生一些不平等现象,并带来中等程度的贫困,而法国和一些南欧国家在贫困方面表现更好,但重现的不平等现象更大。贝弗里奇系统(例如英国和瑞士)的基本多支柱系统很少,而贫困风险则相对较高。此外,波罗的海国家和周边新的欧盟成员国的贫困率在整个欧洲最高。分析表明,公共养老金制度的最低收入规定对贫困风险最为重要,
更新日期:2021-01-12
中文翻译:
欧洲老年人的不平等和贫困风险:养老金制度的双刃收入效应
尽管已经广泛讨论了面对人口老龄化的养老金制度的可持续性,但在当前的辩论中,人们常常忽略了退休收入的充足性。但是,整个欧洲都存在着相当大的贫困和老年收入不平等。使用最新的EU-SILC数据(2017/18),对老年人的贫困率和收入不平等进行的比较分析显示,重要的跨国差异需要在与市场相关的不平等的背景下加以观察,但也需要具体的养老金制度。尽管贝弗里奇的基本安全目标并不总是能够有效地减轻贫困。此外,私人养老金可能会导致社会不平等。某些s斯麦贡献性体系更适合于减少贫困,但考虑到他们对维持地位的关注,也会重现不平等现象。由于包括荷兰和一些北欧多支柱体系以及中欧和东欧核心国家的基本养老金,贫困率很低。Germany斯麦养老金(例如在德国)正在产生一些不平等现象,并带来中等程度的贫困,而法国和一些南欧国家在贫困方面表现更好,但重现的不平等现象更大。贝弗里奇系统(例如英国和瑞士)的基本多支柱系统很少,而贫困风险则相对较高。此外,波罗的海国家和周边新的欧盟成员国的贫困率在整个欧洲最高。分析表明,公共养老金制度的最低收入规定对贫困风险最为重要,