Purpose

The purpose of this paper was to explore a new sport attendance behavior spectrum framework where sport consumer behavior is not derived from just a dichotomy of a motivator positively impacting attendance or a constraint negatively impacting attendance. Rather, when accounting for the context of the setting (e.g. sport, playing level, locality, patron type, etc.), some areas belong on a spectrum that fluctuates between positive and negative impacts on attendance that are dependent on the context of the given environment.

Design/methodology/approach

Through factor analysis and structural equation modeling, the proposed model attempted to explain relationships between five second-order factors and game attendance, which expanded to include the new internal contextual and external contextual factors, and ultimately team fandom.

Findings

The results indicated three significant main effects where internal contextual exhibited a positive relationship with attendance, while constraints and external contextual demonstrated a negative relationship. Internal and external motives were not significant. Further, the moderating effect of high and low sport interest groupings largely indicated no significant spectator differences. The model explained 24% of the variance in attendance, and attendance accounted for 41% of the variance in team fandom.

Originality/value

Attendance is intricate, and this study highlighted the importance of considering and adapting to the sporting context as some factors exist on a sport attendance behavior spectrum and differently impact spectators positively or negatively, given the context of the setting. Further, in this lower-level sport setting, consumers viewed minor league hockey more as a leisure commodity than a premier sport contest.

中文翻译：

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运动出勤行为谱：动机、约束和背景

目的

本文的目的是探索一个新的运动出勤行为谱框架，其中运动消费者行为不仅仅来自于积极影响出勤率的动机或对出勤率产生负面影响的约束的二分法。相反，当考虑到环境的背景（例如运动、比赛水平、地点、顾客类型等）时，某些区域属于对出勤率产生积极影响和消极影响之间波动的范围，这取决于给定的背景环境。

设计/方法/方法

通过因子分析和结构方程建模，所提出的模型试图解释五个二阶因素与比赛上座率之间的关系，并扩展到包括新的内部背景和外部背景因素，并最终包括团队粉丝。

发现

结果表明三个显着的主要影响，其中内部背景与出勤率呈正相关，而约束和外部背景则显示出负面关系。内部和外部动机并不显着。此外，高低运动兴趣分组的调节作用在很大程度上表明没有显着的观众差异。该模型解释了 24% 的出勤率差异，而出勤率占团队粉丝差异的 41%。

原创性/价值

出勤是错综复杂的，这项研究强调了考虑和适应体育环境的重要性，因为在考虑到环境的背景下，体育出勤行为谱中存在一些因素并对观众产生不同的积极或消极影响。此外，在这种较低级别的运动环境中，消费者更多地将小联盟曲棍球视为休闲商品，而不是顶级体育比赛。