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Natural history in the physician's study: Jan Swammerdam (1637–1680), Steven Blankaart (1650–1705) and the ‘paperwork’ of observing insects
The British Journal for the History of Science ( IF 1.245 ) Pub Date : 2020-10-29 , DOI: 10.1017/s0007087420000436
SASKIA KLERK

Abstract While some seventeenth-century scholars promoted natural history as the basis of natural philosophy, they continued to debate how it should be written, about what and by whom. This look into the studios of two Amsterdam physicians, Jan Swammerdam (1637–80) and Steven Blankaart (1650–1705), explores natural history as a project in the making during the second half of the seventeenth century. Swammerdam and Blankaart approached natural history very differently, with different objectives, and relying on different traditions of handling specimens and organizing knowledge on paper, especially with regard to the way that individual observations might be generalized. These traditions varied from collating individual dissections into histories, writing both general and particular histories of plants and animals, collecting medical observations and applying inductive reasoning. Swammerdam identified the essential changes that insects underwent during their life cycle, described four orders based on these ‘general characteristics’ and presented his findings in specific histories that exemplified the ‘general rule’ of each order. Blankaart looked to the collective observations of amateurs to support his reputation as a man of medicine, but this was not supposed to lead to any kind of generalization. Their work alerts us to the variety of observational practices that were available to them, and with what purposes they made these their own.

中文翻译:

医生研究中的自然历史:Jan Swammerdam (1637–1680)、Steven Blankaart (1650–1705) 和观察昆虫的“文书工作”

摘要 虽然一些 17 世纪的学者将自然史作为自然哲学的基础,但他们仍在继续争论它应该如何写,写什么,由谁写。这对阿姆斯特丹两位医生 Jan Swammerdam(1637–80 年)和 Steven Blankaart(1650–1705 年)的工作室进行了探索,探索了作为 17 世纪下半叶正在进行的项目的自然历史。Swammerdam 和 Blankaart 以截然不同的方式处理自然历史,具有不同的目标,并依赖于处理标本和组织纸上知识的不同传统,特别是在个人观察可能被概括的方式方面。这些传统多种多样,从将个人解剖整理成历史,撰写植物和动物的一般和特殊历史,收集医学观察并应用归纳推理。Swammerdam 确定了昆虫在其生命周期中经历的基本变化,根据这些“一般特征”描述了四个顺序,并在具体的历史中展示了他的发现,这些历史举例说明了每个顺序的“一般规则”。Blankaart 依靠业余爱好者的集体观察来支持他作为医学人的声誉,但这不应该导致任何概括。他们的工作提醒我们注意他们可用的各种观察实践,以及他们将这些作为自己的目的的目的。描述了基于这些“一般特征”的四个命令,并在具体的历史中展示了他的发现,这些历史举例说明了每个命令的“一般规则”。Blankaart 依靠业余爱好者的集体观察来支持他作为医学人的声誉,但这不应该导致任何概括。他们的工作提醒我们注意他们可用的各种观察实践,以及他们将这些作为自己的目的的目的。描述了基于这些“一般特征”的四个命令,并在具体的历史中展示了他的发现,这些历史举例说明了每个命令的“一般规则”。Blankaart 依靠业余爱好者的集体观察来支持他作为医学人的声誉,但这不应该导致任何概括。他们的工作提醒我们注意他们可用的各种观察实践,以及他们将这些作为自己的目的的目的。
更新日期:2020-10-29
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