The 2014 European Parliament (EP) elections witnessed an unprecedented wave of radical right parties (RRPs) not only enter the EP, but even outperform the centre-right and centre-left parties in several Member States (MSs). With few exceptions, the 2019 EP elections reconfirmed this state of affairs, although this time around Liberal and Green parties also made inroads into the EP. Despite these results, the performance of the RRPs tends to be taken with a grain of salt since EP elections are generally considered Second Order Elections (SOEs). Yet the electoral consolidation witnessed by these parties in various Member States indicates that their performance is more than a fluke and that therefore it should not be treated as an outlier that is going to be course-corrected by the next election cycle. The 2019 EP election showed that this was not the case. In this regard, this paper examines the notion of radical right mainstreaming by tracking how, at the EU level, RRPs vacillate between pursuing forms of respectable cohabitation in EP groups such as the European Conservatives and Reformists Group (ECR) or, as was the case in 2019, they are embracing policy congruent schemes (see the Identity and Democracy Group).

2014 年欧洲议会 (EP) 选举见证了前所未有的激进右翼政党 (RRP) 浪潮，不仅进入欧洲议会，而且在几个成员国 (MS) 中的表现甚至超过了中右翼和中左翼政党。除了少数例外，2019 年的 EP 选举再次证实了这种情况，尽管这一次自由党和绿党也进入了 EP。尽管有这些结果，但由于 EP 选举通常被认为是二级选举 (SOE)，因此 RRP 的表现往往受到质疑。然而，这些政党在各个会员国见证的选举巩固表明，他们的表现不仅仅是侥幸，因此不应将其视为将在下一个选举周期纠正的异常值。2019 年的 EP 选举表明情况并非如此。在这方面，本文通过追踪在欧盟层面上，RRP 如何在欧洲保守党和改革派集团 (ECR) 等 EP 团体中追求体面的同居形式之间摇摆不定，或者像这种情况一样，来检验激进权利主流化的概念。在 2019 年，他们正在接受政策一致的计划（参见身份与民主小组）。