Corporations can be viewed as large information ecosystems, not more narrowly as corporate entities, and the author uses the example of IBM to defend this point. This essay illustrates issues and topics that can be studied to enhance understanding of corporate history, building on prior methods used by scholars. It builds on research the author performed in writing a history of IBM from the 1880s to the present.

中文翻译：

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将公司视为信息生态系统：以1914年至1980年代的IBM为例

公司可以被视为大型信息生态系统，而不是像公司实体那样狭义，作者以IBM为例来捍卫这一点。本文阐述了一些问题和主题，可以在学者使用的先前方法的基础上研究这些问题和主题以增进对公司历史的理解。它建立在作者撰写1880年代至今的IBM历史的研究的基础上。