Abstract

Introduction

A substantial number of patients worldwide is affected by allergies. Emerging evidence suggests that the individual microbial composition might contribute to the development of allergies or might even protect from allergic diseases.

Areas covered

This review provides a detailed summary regarding available knowledge on the composition of a healthy human microbiome at allergy relevant body sites. It highlights factors influencing the microbiota composition. Furthermore, recent findings on the mutual interaction of the microbiota with the innate and adaptive immune system are reported. In the final part, this knowledge is combined to discuss microbial implications for food allergy, allergic asthma, allergic rhinitis and skin allergies. Literature for this review was gathered by searching PubMed and Google Scholar databases between October and December 2020.

Expert opinion

Due to the highly individual composition, it is currently not possible to define the characteristics of a site-specific microbiome in health and disease. Mainly effects of bacterial communities have been investigated, while fungal or viral influences are not yet well understood. The communication between microbial communities found in different organs impact on allergy development. Thus, a personalized approach is essential to beneficially influence these complex interactions and to modulate the host specific microbiota in allergies.

中文翻译：

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微生物组在过敏性疾病发展中的临床意义

摘要

介绍

全世界有大量患者受到过敏的影响。越来越多的证据表明，个别微生物成分可能会导致过敏的发展，甚至可能预防过敏性疾病。

覆盖区域

这篇综述提供了有关过敏相关身体部位健康人类微生物组组成的现有知识的详细摘要。它强调了影响微生物群组成的因素。此外，报道了关于微生物群与先天和适应性免疫系统的相互作用的最新发现。在最后一部分中，将这些知识结合起来讨论微生物对食物过敏，过敏性哮喘，过敏性鼻炎和皮肤过敏的影响。在2020年10月至2020年12月之间，通过搜索PubMed和Google Scholar数据库收集了该评论的文献。

专家意见

由于高度个体化的组成，目前无法确定健康和疾病中特定部位微生物组的特征。主要研究了细菌群落的影响，而对真菌或病毒的影响尚不十分清楚。在不同器官中发现的微生物群落之间的交流会影响过敏的发展。因此，个性化方法对于有益地影响这些复杂的相互作用以及调节过敏性宿主特异性微生物群至关重要。