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Opinion: Eight simple actions that individuals can take to save insects from global declines [Environmental Sciences]
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America ( IF 11.1 ) Pub Date : 2021-01-12 , DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2002547117
Akito Y. Kawahara 1, 2, 3 , Lawrence E. Reeves 3, 4 , Jesse R. Barber 5 , Scott H. Black 6
Affiliation  

Insects constitute the vast majority of known animal species and are ubiquitous across terrestrial ecosystems, playing key ecological roles. As prey, they are critical to the survival of countless other species, including the majority of bats, birds, and freshwater fishes (1). As herbivores, predators, and parasites, they are major determinants of the distribution and abundance of innumerable plants and animals. The majority of flowering plants, the dominant component of most terrestrial ecosystems, depend on insects for pollination and hence reproduction. As consumers of waste products, insects are essential to the recycling of nutrients. Humans and their agriculture rely heavily on such “ecosystem services” provided by insects (Fig. 1 AJ), which together have at least an annual value of ∼$70 billion (2020 valuation) in the United States (2). Insects also provide humans with honey, silk, wax, dyes, and, in many cultures, food. Insects have become essential subjects in medical and basic biological research. Furthermore, insects are one of the most easily accessible forms of wildlife, with a diversity of morphology, life history, and behavior that seems ready-made for inspiring appreciation of nature and its conservation (Fig. 1 KT).

中文翻译:

意见:个人可以采取的八项简单措施来保护昆虫免受全球衰退的影响[环境科学]

昆虫构成了绝大多数已知动物的物种,在陆地生态系统中无处不在,在生态系统中起着关键作用。作为猎物,它们对于无数其他物种(包括大多数蝙蝠,鸟类和淡水鱼类)的生存至关重要(1)。作为草食动物,捕食者和寄生虫,它们是无数动植物分布和丰富度的主要决定因素。大多数陆地植物是大多数陆地生态系统的主要组成部分,大多数开花植物依靠昆虫进行授粉并因此繁殖。作为废物的消费者,昆虫对于营养的循环利用至关重要。人类及其农业严重依赖昆虫提供的这种“生态系统服务”(图1 AJ),在美国的年总价值至少为700亿美元(2020年估值)(2)。昆虫还为人类提供蜂蜜,丝绸,蜡,染料以及许多文化的食物。昆虫已成为医学和基础生物学研究中必不可少的主题。此外,昆虫是最容易接近的野生生物形式之一,其形态,生活史和行为的多样性似乎已经准备就绪,可以激发人们对自然及其保护的欣赏(图1 KT)。
更新日期:2021-01-12
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