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Sources of variation in the speech of African Americans: Perspectives from sociophonetics
WIREs Cognitive Science ( IF 3.9 ) Pub Date : 2021-01-12 , DOI: 10.1002/wcs.1550
Charlie Farrington 1 , Sharese King 2 , Mary Kohn 3
Affiliation  

African American Language (AAL) is one of the most researched varieties of American English, yet key aspects of its development and spread remain under‐theorized. For example, regional and social variation in the speech of African Americans was initially understudied in AAL as scholars sought to demonstrate the overall systematicity of the variety, often at the expense of examining variation across and within communities. More recently, scholars have begun to address this gap by examining different sources of variation in AAL phonology. For instance, the African American Vowel System (AAVS), also called the African American Vowel Shift, describes a pattern identified within AAL, including the raising of the front lax vowels and the nonfronting of the high‐ and mid‐back vowels. Aspects of the AAVS have been found in geographically widespread varieties of AAL, suggesting that shared patterns of population movement resulting from the Great Migration and subsequent social experiences may have led to the development of this system. Other more regionally limited sound patterns suggest the role of more localized processes of variation and change. We focus on three sources of variation that have contributed to the spread and realizations of the sound system in modern AAL: migration, segregation, and place and identity. Evidence from sociophonetic analyses across these three factors provides a foundation to more thoroughly document the ways in which AAL varieties developed, spread, and vary, while allowing for a more nuanced assessment of racialization and its implications for individual differences.

中文翻译:

非裔美国人演讲的变异来源:社会语音学的观点

非裔美国人语言 (AAL) 是美国英语中研究最多的品种之一,但其发展和传播的关键方面仍未得到理论化。例如,AAL 最初对非洲裔美国人演讲中的区域和社会差异进行了研究,因为学者们试图证明该多样性的整体系统性,通常以检查社区之间和社区内部的差异为代价。最近,学者们已经开始通过检查 AAL 音系的不同变异来源来解决这一差距。例如,非洲裔美国人元音系统 (AAVS),也称为非洲裔美国人元音转换,描述了在 AAL 中识别的一种模式,包括前松元音的提高和高和中后元音的非前沿。已在地理上广泛分布的 AAL 品种中发现了 AAVS 的各个方面,这表明由大迁徙和随后的社会经历导致的共同的人口流动模式可能导致了该系统的发展。其他更受区域限制的声音模式表明更本地化的变化和变化过程的作用。我们专注于对现代 AAL 中声音系统的传播和实现做出贡献的三个变异来源:迁移、隔离、地点和身份。来自这三个因素的社会语音分析的证据为更彻底地记录 AAL 品种发展、传播和变化的方式提供了基础,同时允许对种族化及其对个体差异的影响进行更细致的评估。表明由大迁徙和随后的社会经验导致的共同的人口流动模式可能导致了该系统的发展。其他更受区域限制的声音模式表明更本地化的变化和变化过程的作用。我们专注于对现代 AAL 中声音系统的传播和实现做出贡献的三个变异来源:迁移、隔离、地点和身份。来自这三个因素的社会语音分析的证据为更彻底地记录 AAL 品种发展、传播和变化的方式提供了基础,同时允许对种族化及其对个体差异的影响进行更细致的评估。表明由大迁徙和随后的社会经验导致的共同的人口流动模式可能导致了该系统的发展。其他更受区域限制的声音模式表明更本地化的变化和变化过程的作用。我们专注于对现代 AAL 中声音系统的传播和实现做出贡献的三个变异来源:迁移、隔离、地点和身份。来自这三个因素的社会语音分析的证据为更彻底地记录 AAL 品种发展、传播和变化的方式提供了基础,同时允许对种族化及其对个体差异的影响进行更细致的评估。
更新日期:2021-01-12
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