As per global trends, new legislation, regulations, and restrictions on the use of hazardous materials with respect to environmental concerns, it has become necessary to eliminate resorcinol from the rubber compound as it was generating carcinogenic fumes during processing at high temperature. In this research, two non‐hazardous phenolic resins [A] and [B] were explored, in place of resorcinol, in a typical PCR tire belt skim compound. The entire study includes three phases. In Phase I, resorcinol was substituted with both the resins and it was revealed that they have potential to function as resorcinol in rubber‐brass bonding mechanism with few limitations, primarily as low cure rate. In Phase II, it was adjusted by incorporating TBBS as an additional accelerator but an abrupt loss in extent of adhesion retention was noticed for aged samples. It leads to further investigation in Phase II compositions. In Phase III, a little amount of precipitated silica was formulated, which results into a significant revival of adhesion retention. Eventually, both the compounds were showing faster vulcanizing characteristics, improved aged and un‐aged properties, higher dynamic stiffness, and lower hysteresis. Compound [B] showed best performance in all the properties except fatigue crack growth rate in low strain percentage.

中文翻译：

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炭黑填充带状脱脂胶料中间苯二酚的替代品：一种可持续的轮胎制造方法

根据全球趋势，有关环境问题的新法规，新法规以及对危险材料使用的限制，由于橡胶化合物在高温加工过程中会产生致癌烟雾，因此必须从橡胶混合物中消除间苯二酚。在这项研究中，在典型的PCR轮胎带脱脂混合物中，研究了两种无害的酚醛树脂[A]和[B]代替间苯二酚。整个研究包括三个阶段。在第一阶段中，间苯二酚被两种树脂替代，并且发现它们在橡胶-黄铜键合机理中具有作为间苯二酚的潜力，但几乎没有限制，主要是低固化速率。在第二阶段中，通过加入TBBS作为辅助促进剂进行了调整，但老化样品的粘合力保持范围突然降低。这导致了对II期组合物的进一步研究。在阶段III中，配制了少量沉淀二氧化硅，这显着提高了粘合力。最终，这两种化合物均显示出更快的硫化特性，改进的老化和未老化性能，较高的动态刚度和较低的滞后性。化合物[B]在所有特性中均表现出最佳性能，但低应变百分比下的疲劳裂纹扩展速率除外。