The high adsorption capacity of Fe₃O₄ and C₃N₄ for heavy metals and the amalgam effect of Bi₂O₃ were exploited using a Fe₃O₄/Bi₂O₃/C₃N₄-modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) for the determination of Cd²⁺ and Pb²⁺. The electrochemical response performance of the Fe₃O₄/Bi₂O₃/C₃N₄/GCE was studied by square-wave anodic stripping voltammetry. The electrochemical conditions were optimized, including the pH of the buffer solution, content of Fe₃O₄/Bi₂O₃/C₃N₄ on the electrode surface, deposition potential and deposition time. Under optimum conditions, the Fe₃O₄/Bi₂O₃/C₃N₄/GCE sensor shows a linear response from 0.01 μmol/L to 3 μmol/L. The minimum detectable quantity for Cd²⁺ and Pb²⁺ are 3 × 10⁻⁹ mol/L and 1 × 10⁻⁹ mol/L, respectively. Interference studies were carried out. The sensitivity of the Fe₃O₄/Bi₂O₃/C₃N₄/GCE sensor to Cd²⁺and Pb²⁺ does not significantly change in the presence of coexisting heavy metal ions. The Fe₃O₄/Bi₂O₃/C₃N₄/GCE sensor exhibits good stability and repeatability. The Fe₃O₄/Bi₂O₃/C₃N₄/GCE sensor was used to detect Cd²⁺and Pb²⁺ in river water samples to demonstrate its real-world application.

Fe ₃ O ₄ / Bi ₂ O ₃ / C ₃ N ₄修饰玻碳电极利用Fe ₃ O ₄和C ₃ N ₄对重金属的高吸附能力和Bi ₂ O ₃的汞齐效应（ GCE）测定Cd ²⁺和Pb ²⁺。Fe ₃ O ₄ / Bi ₂ O ₃ / C ₃ N ₄的电化学响应性能/ GCE用方波阳极溶出伏安法研究。优化了电化学条件，包括缓冲溶液的pH，电极表面上的Fe ₃ O ₄ / Bi ₂ O ₃ / C ₃ N ₄含量，沉积电势和沉积时间。在最佳条件下，Fe ₃ O ₄ / Bi ₂ O ₃ / C ₃ N ₄ / GCE传感器显示出从0.01μmol/ L到3μmol/ L的线性响应。Cd ²⁺和Pb ²⁺的最小可检测量为3×10 ^-9  mol / L和1×10 ^-9 mol / L。进行了干扰研究。在存在重金属离子的情况下，Fe ₃ O ₄ / Bi ₂ O ₃ / C ₃ N ₄ / GCE传感器对Cd ²⁺和Pb ²⁺的灵敏度没有明显变化。Fe ₃ O ₄ / Bi ₂ O ₃ / C ₃ N ₄ / GCE传感器具有良好的稳定性和可重复性。Fe ₃ O ₄ / Bi ₂ O ₃ / C ₃ N ₄/ GCE传感器用于检测河水样品中的Cd ²⁺和Pb ²⁺，以证明其在现实世界中的应用。