The Seizures and Outcomes Study in Children (SOS-KIDS) identifies risk factors, etiologies, and comorbidities in a pediatric epilepsy population in a major city with diversity in socioeconomic levels. A thorough understanding of the range of issues impacting children with epilepsy is critical to establishing treatment that will produce better health outcomes. SOS-KIDS is a cross-sectional cohort study of pediatric epilepsy patients who live in Washington D.C. and are evaluated at Children's National Hospital. Families were recruited at the time of the child's routine clinic appointment or inpatient visit. Information was extracted from participants' electronic medical records (EMR) and parent reports; participants were screened for comorbidities using standardized screening measures. Data were collected from 289 participants (47% female, 53% male), and mean age was 7.9 years (2 months to 17 years). Twenty-nine percent of participants had primary generalized epilepsy, 63% focal epilepsy, 0.3% combined generalized and focal epilepsy, and 8% could not be distinguished. There were a variety of epilepsy risk factors including prematurity (10%), intraventricular hemorrhage (7%), neonatal seizures (8%), and febrile seizures (17%). The most common etiologies were cerebral malformations (13%) and genetic disorders (25%). Numerous participants had documented comorbidities including developmental delay (56%), intellectual disability (20%), headaches (16%), attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (23%), and autism (7%). Of participants aged six years and older, depression, and anxiety were reported in 5% and 6% within the EMR, 14% and 19% in parent surveys, and 22% and 33% with standardized screening measures. We identified a wide variety of risk factors and etiologies among urban pediatric epilepsy patients, with genetic and structural being the most common. Neurologic and psychiatric comorbidities were common, but the prevalence of several psychiatric disorders reported within the EMR was substantially lower compared to that found when using parent surveys and standardized screening measures.

中文翻译：

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城市小儿癫痫的危险因素、病因和合并症

儿童癫痫发作和结果研究 (SOS-KIDS) 确定了社会经济水平不同的主要城市的儿科癫痫人群的风险因素、病因和合并症。全面了解影响癫痫儿童的一系列问题对于建立可产生更好健康结果的治疗方法至关重要。SOS-KIDS 是一项横断面队列研究，对象是居住在华盛顿特区并在国家儿童医院接受评估的儿童癫痫患者。在孩子的常规诊所预约或住院访问时招募家庭。从参与者的电子病历（EMR）和家长报告中提取信息；使用标准化筛查措施对参与者进行了合并症筛查。数据来自 289 名参与者（47% 女性，53% 男性），平均年龄为 7.9 岁（2 个月至 17 岁）。29% 的参与者患有原发性全身性癫痫，63% 为局灶性癫痫，0.3% 为全身性和局灶性癫痫，8% 无法区分。有多种癫痫危险因素，包括早产 (10%)、脑室内出血 (7%)、新生儿惊厥 (8%) 和热性惊厥 (17%)。最常见的病因是脑畸形（13%）和遗传性疾病（25%）。许多参与者记录了合并症，包括发育迟缓 (56%)、智力障碍 (20%)、头痛 (16%)、注意力缺陷多动障碍 (23%) 和自闭症 (7%)。在 6 岁及以上的参与者中，5% 和 6% 在 EMR 中报告了抑郁和焦虑，14% 和 19% 的父母调查，22% 和 33% 的标准化筛查措施。我们在城市小儿癫痫患者中确定了多种危险因素和病因，其中遗传和结构是最常见的。神经和精神共病很常见，但与使用父母调查和标准化筛查措施时发现的相比，EMR 中报告的几种精神疾病的患病率要低得多。