Copper has been successfully used in the sulfate form as a fungicide to control grapevine diseases since 150 years, yet high Cu accumulation in vineyards may alter soil life. Although actual Cu additions are about tenfold lower than 50 years ago, the use of Cu in the context of the agroecological transition is still debated. Indeed, copper is one of the rare pesticides allowed for organic farming. Therefore, we performed a meta-analysis on Cu ecotoxicity by selecting 19 articles out of 300 articles relevant to copper and soil biological quality. Results show that microbial activity decreased by 30% when more than 400 kg of Cu was applied yearly per ha. Nematodes abundance remained unchanged for copper application up to 3200 kg/ha/year. Collembola and enchytraeid reproduction declined by 50% after application of 400 and 1895 kg Cu/ha/year, respectively. Earthworm biomass was reduced by 15% after application of 200 kgCu/ha/year. For soil Cu levels higher than 200 kg Cu/ha, microbial respiration decreased by 50% and no effect was observed on collembola. Overall, while toxicity is observed, the corresponding literature investigations involved Cu levels that are at least 50 times higher than the dose of 4 kg Cu/ha/year currently authorized by the European Commission for viticulture. As a consequence, applying copper at 4 kg/ha/year should not modify substantially soil biological quality and functions.

150年来，铜已以硫酸盐的形式成功地用作控制葡萄疾病的杀菌剂，然而，铜在葡萄园中的大量积累可能会改变土壤的寿命。尽管实际的铜添加量比50年前减少了大约十倍，但在农业生态转变的背景下使用铜仍存在争议。的确，铜是有机耕作中稀有的农药之一。因此，我们从300篇与铜和土壤生物质量相关的文章中选择了19篇，对铜的生态毒性进行了荟萃分析。结果表明，每公顷每年施用400公斤以上的铜，微生物活性降低30％。铜施用量高达3200千克/公顷/年时，线虫的丰度保持不变。在施用400和1895 kg铜/公顷/年后，Collembola和Entratraeid的繁殖力下降了50％，分别。施用200 kgCu / ha /年后，worm的生物量减少了15％。对于高于200 kg Cu / ha的土壤Cu水平，微生物呼吸作用降低了50％，并且对Collembola没有影响。总体而言，虽然观察到毒性，但相应的文献研究涉及的铜含量至少比欧洲葡萄栽培委员会目前授权的4千克铜/公顷/年的剂量高50倍。因此，以4公斤/公顷/年的速度施用铜不应显着改变土壤生物质量和功能。相应的文献研究涉及的铜含量至少比欧洲葡萄栽培委员会目前授权的4千克铜/公顷/年的剂量高出50倍。因此，以4公斤/公顷/年的速度施用铜不应显着改变土壤生物质量和功能。相应的文献研究涉及的铜含量至少比欧洲葡萄栽培委员会目前授权的4千克铜/公顷/年的剂量高出50倍。因此，以4公斤/公顷/年的速度施用铜不应显着改变土壤生物质量和功能。