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Identifying the Neurodevelopmental Differences of Opioid Withdrawal
Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology ( IF 4 ) Pub Date : 2021-01-12 , DOI: 10.1007/s10571-020-01035-6
Nynke J van den Hoogen 1 , Charlie H T Kwok 1 , Tuan Trang 1
Affiliation  

Stopping opioid medications can result in a debilitating withdrawal syndrome in chronic users. Opioid withdrawal can occur at all ages, but mechanistic understanding of this condition is predominantly derived from adult studies. Here, we examined whether there are age-dependent differences in the behavioural phenotype and cellular indices of opioid withdrawal. We tested this by assessing the behavioural and cFos response (a surrogate marker for neuronal activation) to morphine withdrawal in C57BL/6J mice across key developmental stages—neonatal, adolescent, and adulthood. Mice in all age groups received escalating doses of morphine (10–50 mg/kg) over 5 days and withdrawal was precipitated by a single injection of the opioid receptor antagonist naloxone (2 mg/kg) two hours after the last morphine dose. In adult and adolescent mice, withdrawal behaviours were robust, with age-related differences in autonomic and somatic signs. In both groups, cFos expression was increased in spinally projecting neurons within the Periaqueductal Grey (PAG), Rostro-ventromedial Medulla (RVM), and Locus Coeruleus. Neonatal animals displayed both a distinct behavioural withdrawal and cFos expression profile. Notably, in young animals cFos expression was increased within the PAG and LC, but decreased in the RVM. In summary, naloxone challenge precipitated robust opioid withdrawal behaviours across all developmental stages with neonatal animals displaying differences in withdrawal behaviours and unique neuronal activation patterns within key brainstem regions.



中文翻译:

确定阿片类药物戒断的神经发育差异

停止使用阿片类药物会导致慢性使用者出现衰弱的戒断综合征。阿片类药物戒断可以发生在所有年龄段,但对这种情况的机制理解主要来自成人研究。在这里,我们检查了阿片类药物戒断的行为表型和细胞指数是否存在年龄依赖性差异。我们通过评估 C57BL/6J 小鼠在关键发育阶段(新生儿、青春期和成年期)对吗啡戒断的行为和 cFos 反应(神经元激活的替代标志物)对此进行了测试。所有年龄组的小鼠在 5 天内接受递增剂量的吗啡(10-50 毫克/千克),在最后一次吗啡剂量后两小时单次注射阿片受体拮抗剂纳洛酮(2 毫克/千克)可促进戒断。在成年和青春期小鼠中,戒断行为很强烈,在自主神经和躯体体征上存在年龄相关的差异。在两组中,cFos 表达在脑导水管周围灰质 (PAG)、Rostro-ventromedial Medulla (RVM) 和蓝斑轨迹内的脊髓投射神经元中增加。新生动物表现出明显的行为退缩和 cFos 表达谱。值得注意的是,在年轻动物中,PAG 和 LC 中 cFos 表达增加,但在 RVM 中减少。总之,纳洛酮挑战在所有发育阶段促成了强烈的阿片类药物戒断行为,新生动物在关键脑干区域内表现出不同的戒断行为和独特的神经元激活模式。cFos 表达在脑导水管周围灰质 (PAG)、Rostro-ventromedial Medulla (RVM) 和蓝斑轨迹内的脊髓投射神经元中增加。新生动物表现出明显的行为退缩和 cFos 表达谱。值得注意的是,在年轻动物中,PAG 和 LC 中 cFos 表达增加,但在 RVM 中减少。总之,纳洛酮挑战在所有发育阶段促成了强烈的阿片类药物戒断行为,新生动物在关键脑干区域内表现出不同的戒断行为和独特的神经元激活模式。cFos 表达在脑导水管周围灰质 (PAG)、Rostro-ventromedial Medulla (RVM) 和蓝斑轨迹内的脊髓投射神经元中增加。新生动物表现出明显的行为退缩和 cFos 表达谱。值得注意的是,在年轻动物中,PAG 和 LC 中 cFos 表达增加,但在 RVM 中减少。总之,纳洛酮挑战在所有发育阶段促成了强烈的阿片类药物戒断行为,新生动物在关键脑干区域内表现出不同的戒断行为和独特的神经元激活模式。在年轻动物中,PAG 和 LC 中 cFos 表达增加,但在 RVM 中减少。总之,纳洛酮挑战在所有发育阶段促成了强烈的阿片类药物戒断行为,新生动物在关键脑干区域内表现出不同的戒断行为和独特的神经元激活模式。在年轻动物中,PAG 和 LC 中 cFos 表达增加,但在 RVM 中减少。总之,纳洛酮挑战在所有发育阶段促成了强烈的阿片类药物戒断行为,新生动物在关键脑干区域内表现出不同的戒断行为和独特的神经元激活模式。

更新日期:2021-01-12
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