Production of a 3D bone construct with high-yield differentiated cells using an appropriate cell source provides a reliable strategy for different purposes such as therapeutic screening of the drugs. Although adult stem cells can be a good source, their application is limited due to invasive procedure of their isolation and low yield of differentiation. Patient-specific human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) can be an alternative due to their long-term self-renewal capacity and pluripotency after several passages, resolving the requirement of a large number of progenitor cells. In this study, a new biphasic 3D-printed collagen-coated HA/β-TCP scaffold was fabricated to provide a 3D environment for the cells. The fabricated scaffolds were characterized by the 3D laser scanning digital microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and mechanical test. Then, the osteogenesis potential of the hiPSC-seeded scaffolds was investigated compared to the buccal fat pad stem cell (BFPSC)-seeded scaffolds through in vitro and in vivo studies. In vitro results demonstrated up-regulated expressions of osteogenesis-related genes of RUNX2 , ALP , BMP2 , and COL1 compared to the BFPSC-seeded scaffolds. In vivo results on calvarial defects in the rats confirmed a higher bone formation in the hiPSC-seeded scaffolds compared to the BFPSC-seeded groups. The immunofluorescence assay also showed higher expression levels of collagen I and osteocalcin proteins in the hiPSC-seeded scaffolds. It can be concluded that using the hiPSC-seeded scaffolds can lead to a high yield of osteogenesis, and the hiPSCs can be used as a superior stem cell source compared to BFPSCs for bone-like construct bioengineering.

中文翻译：

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3D 打印 HA/β-TCP 胶原涂层支架上诱导多能干细胞和颊脂肪垫干细胞成骨分化潜能的比较

使用适当的细胞来源生产具有高产量分化细胞的 3D 骨骼结构为不同目的（例如药物的治疗筛选）提供了可靠的策略。虽然成体干细胞是一个很好的来源，但由于其分离的侵入性程序和低分化产量，它们的应用受到限制。患者特异性人类诱导多能干细胞 (hiPSC) 可以作为替代方案，因为它们具有长期的自我更新能力和多次传代后的多能性，解决了对大量祖细胞的需求。在这项研究中，制造了一种新的双相 3D 打印胶原蛋白涂层 HA/β-TCP 支架，以为细胞提供 3D 环境。制作的支架通过 3D 激光扫描数字显微镜、X 射线衍射、傅里叶变换红外光谱和力学测试。然后，通过体外和体内研究，与颊脂肪垫干细胞 (BFPSC) 种植的支架相比，研究了 hiPSC 种植的支架的成骨潜力。体外结果表明，与 BFPSC 接种的支架相比，RUNX2、ALP、BMP2 和 COL1 的成骨相关基因的表达上调。大鼠颅骨缺损的体内结果证实，与 BFPSC 接种组相比，hiPSC 接种组的骨形成率更高。免疫荧光测定还显示在 hiPSC 接种的支架中胶原蛋白 I 和骨钙素蛋白的表达水平更高。可以得出结论，使用 hiPSC 接种的支架可以导致高产的成骨，