The phenomenon of migration is an essential component in designing sustainable development policies, and it is valuable to investigate the multidimensional effects of migration. While the current literature focuses more on the economic, social, and political impacts of migration, its impact on the environment is relatively less explored. This paper, which aims to overcome this shortcoming in the literature, examines the relationship between immigration, human capital, economic growth, financial development, energy, and environmental pollution in the USA with the STIRPAT model. We follow unit root and structural breaks co-integration tests, then parameter estimates and causality analysis. According to the results, while migration, financial development, and energy consumption have an increasing effect on environmental pollution, economic growth has a decreasing impact on pollution. There is no statistically significant relationship between human capital and the environment. On the other hand, immigration contributes to human capital accumulation in the long run.

中文翻译：

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美国移民对人力资本和二氧化碳排放的影响：实证调查

移徙现象是设计可持续发展政策的重要组成部分，研究移徙的多维影响很有价值。虽然当前的文献更多地关注移民的经济、社会和政治影响，但其对环境的影响相对较少。本文旨在克服文献中的这一缺陷，利用 STIRPAT 模型研究美国移民、人力资本、经济增长、金融发展、能源和环境污染之间的关系。我们遵循单位根和结构断裂协整检验，然后进行参数估计和因果关系分析。结果表明，虽然移民、金融发展和能源消耗对环境污染的影响越来越大，经济增长对污染的影响正在减弱。人力资本与环境之间没有统计上的显着关系。另一方面，从长远来看，移民有​​助于人力资本积累。