Endophytic fungal occurrences were studied in aerial regions of Digitaria bicornis and Paspalidium flavidum by three isolation methods: potato dextrose agar (PDA), malt extract agar (MEA), and moist blotters. Seventy species of 29 genera of endophytic fungi in D. bicornis and 71 species of 30 genera in P. flavidum were documented. Endophytic fungal communities were grouped into 40 and 43 anamorphic ascomycetes (21 and 23 genera) and 20 teleomorphic ascomycetes (6 and 7 genera) in D. bicornis and P. flavidum, respectively. PDA supported the expression of larger number of fungal communities than MEA and MB; and P. flavidum hosted more number of endophytic fungi than D. bicornis. Seasons played an important role in supporting the assemblage of fungal endophytes. Endophytic fungal species richness and assemblages in plant regions were determined for alpha, beta, and gamma diversities. The ethyl acetate followed by methanolic extracts of certain fungal species showed good antagonistic and antibacterial activities. Among fungal endophytes, Curvularia protuberata and Penicillium citrinum exhibited high antagonistic and antibacterial activities. The high-resolution orbitrap liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry of ethyl acetate crude extracts of C. protuberata and P. citrinum revealed the presence of antifungal and antimicrobial, besides a host of compounds in the extracts. The present study indicated that grass endophytes are the sources of compounds with antimicrobial and other pharmacological activities.

通过三种分离方法：马铃薯葡萄糖琼脂 (PDA)、麦芽提取物琼脂 (MEA) 和湿式吸墨纸，研究了双角木犀和雀稗地上区域的内生真菌发生情况。记录了D. bicornis内生真菌 29 属 70 种和P. flavidum 30 属 71 种。在D. bicornis和P. flavidum 中，内生真菌群落分别分为 40 和 43 个变形子囊菌（21 和 23 属）和 20 个有性子囊菌（6 和 7 属）。PDA 支持比 MEA 和 MB 更多的真菌群落表达；和P. flavidum比D. bicornis承载更多的内生真菌。季节在支持真菌内生菌的聚集方面发挥了重要作用。确定了植物区域内生真菌物种的丰富度和组合的 alpha、beta 和 gamma 多样性。乙酸乙酯和某些真菌种类的甲醇提取物显示出良好的拮抗和抗菌活性。在内生真菌中，弯曲曲霉和柑橘青霉表现出较高的拮抗和抗菌活性。C. protuberata和P. citrinum乙酸乙酯粗提物的高分辨率 Orbitrap 液相色谱-质谱法除了提取物中的许多化合物外，还揭示了抗真菌和抗菌剂的存在。本研究表明，草内生菌是具有抗菌和其他药理活性的化合物的来源。