IL-9 has been reported to play dual roles in the pathogenesis of autoimmune disorders and cancers. The collaboration of IL-9 with microenvironmental factors including the broader cytokine milieu and other cellular components may provide important keys to explain its conflicting effects in chronic conditions. In this review, we summarize recent findings on the cellular sources of, and immunological responders to IL-9, in order to interpret the role of IL-9 in the regulation of immune responses. This knowledge will provide new perspectives to improve clinical benefits and limit adverse effects of IL-9 when treating pathologic conditions.

中文翻译：

---

IL-9 生产者和免疫靶点之间的串扰

据报道，IL-9 在自身免疫性疾病和癌症的发病机制中发挥双重作用。IL-9 与微环境因素（包括更广泛的细胞因子环境和其他细胞成分）的协作可能为解释其在慢性病中的相互矛盾作用提供重要的关键。在这篇综述中，我们总结了最近关于 IL-9 的细胞来源和免疫反应物的发现，以解释 IL-9 在调节免疫反应中的作用。这些知识将为改善临床益处和限制 IL-9 在治疗病理状况时的不良反应提供新的视角。