This special issue of The Journal of Israeli History reflects on the development of complicated relationships between the yishuv, and later, the State of Israel, with Jews worldwide, including those who identify with the Zionist movement while mainly residing outside of Palestine and Israel. The characterization of such relationships were (and are) frequently couched in emotionally-charged terms, ranging from ardent love and a fervent embrace, to cold distance suffused with contempt and rejection. In a great deal of Zionist and Israeli discourse, “diaspora,” the term most frequently used for Jewish communities beyond the yishuv and Israel, infers that the Land of Israel is the center, and the Diaspora, the periphery. Those living outside of the exalted center are denigrated as spiritually diminished, purportedly endemic to galut and exile. In Zionist mythology, individual and collective redemption is exclusively attained by making aliyah and settling in the Land of Israel. Such vague and quasi-mystical hyperbole has long been inextricably bound with the earthly politics of Zionism and the vicissitudes of approaches to Israel. But while Zion as a messianic utopia, the shape of which depends on one’s variety of Jewishness, remains an abstract ideal, the Zionist movement and the State of Israel has played a variety of roles with regard to Jews and their communities. And since its creation in 1948, Israel has stimulated and helped shape the perceptions and self-perceptions of Jews around the world. These communities have simultaneously influenced Israeli culture, society and politics. Populationmovement in both directions is a key element of these relations asmigrants serve as agents of transcultural exchange and considerably determine mutual perceptions. These complex and multilayered relations and their representations were the common theme of a workshop held at Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich in May 2016. Most of the contributions to this volume were, in their earlier incarnations, presented at this workshop. Each of them, however, have been expanded and revised according to the stipulation of the editors and anonymous readers for the journal, to whom the editors express their gratitude. The first article, “Early Danish Zionism and the Ethnification of the Danish Jews,” by Maja Gildin Zuckerman, explores the early Zionist movement as an agent of change in the entire Danish Jewish community. The scrutiny of Danish Zionism, despite being a distinct minoritywithin-a-minority phenomenon, enhances our understanding of the impact of incipient Zionism precisely through the organizational means by which the movement’s adherents

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以色列和世界各地的犹太社区：新方法和方向

本期《以色列历史杂志》特刊反映了伊舒夫和后来的以色列国与世界各地的犹太人之间复杂关系的发展，包括那些认同犹太复国主义运动但主要居住在巴勒斯坦和以色列以外的人。这种关系的特征曾经（并且现在）经常以充满情感的语言表达，从热烈的爱和热烈的拥抱，到充满蔑视和拒绝的冷漠距离。在犹太复国主义和以色列的大量话语中，“侨民”这个术语最常用于 yishuv 和以色列以外的犹太社区，推断以色列土地是中心，而侨民则是外围。那些生活在崇高中心之外的人被贬低为精神上的削弱，据称是加卢特和流放的地方。在犹太复国主义神话中，个人和集体的救赎只能通过制造 aliyah 并在以色列土地上定居来实现。这种模糊和准神秘的夸张长期以来一直与犹太复国主义的世俗政治和对以色列的态度的变迁密不可分。但是，尽管锡安作为弥赛亚乌托邦，其形状取决于一个人的各种犹太人，仍然是一个抽象的理想，但犹太复国主义运动和以色列国在犹太人及其社区方面发挥了各种作用。自 1948 年成立以来，以色列一直在刺激并帮助塑造世界各地犹太人的观念和自我认知。这些社区同时影响了以色列的文化、社会和政治。双向的人口流动是这些关系的关键因素，因为移民是跨文化交流的推动者，并在很大程度上决定了相互的看法。这些复杂而多层次的关系及其表现形式是 2016 年 5 月在慕尼黑路德维希马克西米利安大学举办的研讨会的共同主题。本卷的大部分贡献，在他们早期的化身中，都在这次研讨会上呈现。但均按本刊编辑和匿名读者的规定进行了扩充和修订，编辑在此表示感谢。第一篇文章“早期的丹麦犹太复国主义和丹麦犹太人的民族化”由玛雅·吉尔丁·祖克曼 (Maja Gildin Zuckerman) 撰写，探讨了早期的犹太复国主义运动作为整个丹麦犹太社区变革的推动者。