ABSTRACT While scholars agree that the labor movement’s demise was a turning point in Israeli history, they have failed to explain how, why, and even when it happened. The influence wielded by its cultural institutions declined in the 1960s; political support for it declined in the 1970s, and its economic institutions crumbled in the 1980s. Which of these marks the beginning of the end? Were these manifestations related to each other and, if so, how? And why did it take such a long time? I argue that the Israeli labor movement’s rise and fall can only be understood if it is viewed as a social movement integrating, as most labor movements do, economic, political, and cultural functions. While these components operated in harmony, the movement prospered; when they worked at cross-purposes, it deteriorated.

中文翻译：

---

以色列劳工运动的复员

摘要 虽然学者们一致认为劳工运动的消亡是以色列历史上的一个转折点，但他们未能解释它是如何、为什么、甚至何时发生的。其文化机构的影响力在 1960 年代有所下降；对它的政治支持在 1970 年代下降，其经济机构在 1980 年代崩溃。哪一个标志着结束的开始？这些表现是否相互关联，如果是，又是如何关联的？为什么需要这么长时间？我认为，以色列劳工运动的兴衰只有在将其视为一种社会运动时才能理解，就像大多数劳工运动一样，它融合了经济、政治和文化功能。当这些组件和谐运转时，运动蓬勃发展；当他们相互矛盾时，情况就恶化了。