ABSTRACT

This contribution identifies four Turkish attitudes towards Europe from the late nineteenth century onwards: self-identification with Europe, fear of Europe, superiority over Europe and becoming local/national which implies a rejection of Europe. It then links these four attitudes to four types of forgetting the Ottoman past. The main argument is that the peculiar rise of neo-Ottomanism in Turkey today is evidence of a conservative trauma that follows the fourth type of forgetting—a painful and permanent trauma where the conservative cannot achieve closure with the past. The current Turkish government’s use of neo-Ottomanism utilizes the superiority over Europe and becoming local/national attitudes especially and attempts to maintain an anachronistic identity as the conservatives in Turkey fail to achieve closure with the Ottoman past.

摘要

这项贡献确定了从19世纪后期开始土耳其对欧洲的四种态度：与欧洲的自我认同，对欧洲的恐惧，对欧洲的优越感以及成为地方/国家/地区这意味着对欧洲的拒绝。然后将这四种态度与忘记奥斯曼帝国过去的四种类型联系起来。主要论点是，今天土耳其新奥斯曼主义的特殊崛起，是继第四种遗忘之后的保守主义创伤的证据，这是一种痛苦而永久的创伤，保守派无法与过去取得联系。当前的土耳其政府对新奥斯曼主义的利用，是利用了对欧洲的优越性，尤其是成为了地方/国家的态度，并试图保持一种过时的身份，因为土耳其的保守派未能与奥斯曼帝国的过去保持封闭。