Privately Protected Areas (PPAs) are a growing trend in conservation and have been promoted by global environmental institutions such as the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) as an essential component for achieving conservation targets. PPAs are on the rise worldwide and particularly in Chile, where neoliberal reform has created new spaces in conservation management for private individuals and civil society. However, little empirical research examines their effects on local people. Drawing from critiques of the neoliberalisation of nature and the intertwining of capitalism and conservation, this research explores the case of a particular PPA in Chile, Patagonia Park; asking specifically: what are the impacts of this particular PPA on local residents? Based on in-depth, semi-structured interviews, this research finds that the park has been detrimental to local livelihoods, disrupted systems of production, and elicited emotional responses of pain, sadness, and loss. The relation between the park and community has been characterised by a lack of information and understanding, and reveals deeply contrasting views of nature held by park administrators and local residents. We find that, in this case, the social impacts of the PPA are similar to those that have long been documented and criticised in state-run, 'fortress conservation' models. When we look closely at the history of many state-run protected areas, we see that private capital has always played a central role in conservation. This research suggests then that there may be little truly novel about PPAs in terms of both process of development, and the ways that local people experience them.

中文翻译：

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Gringos带来了什么：智利巴塔哥尼亚私人保护区的本地视角

私人保护区（PPA）是自然保护的一种日益增长的趋势，并已由国际自然保护联盟（IUCN）等全球环境机构推动，作为实现保护目标的重要组成部分。PPA在全球范围内都在上升，特别是在智利，那里的新自由主义改革为个人和民间社会在保护管理方面创造了新的空间。但是，很少有实证研究检查它们对当地人的影响。从对自然的新自由主义以及资本主义与保护的纠缠的批判中汲取了灵感，这项研究探索了智利巴塔哥尼亚公园（Patagonia Park）中一种特定的PPA案例。具体询问：该特定PPA对当地居民有什么影响？根据深入的半结构化访谈，这项研究发现，该公园有害于当地生计，破坏了生产系统，并引发了痛苦，悲伤和流失的情绪反应。公园与社区之间的关系的特点是缺乏信息和了解，并揭示了公园管理者和当地居民对自然的深刻对比。我们发现，在这种情况下，PPA的社会影响与长期在国营“堡垒保护”模型中记录和批评的社会影响相似。当我们仔细观察许多国有保护区的历史时，我们发现私人资本一直在保护中发挥着核心作用。因此，这项研究表明，就两种开发过程而言，关于PPA的鲜为人知，