This paper presents data about the sociocultural construction of conflict and the killing of jaguars and pumas in a part of the Mesoamerican Biological Corridor (MBC) of Costa Rica. Results from participant observation and 131 interviews revealed cultural differences between Ticos (non-Indigenous people) and Cabécar (Indigenous people) on four separate dimensions of conflict, where large felines were constructed as competitors, food, man-eaters, real and imagined. When compared to Ticos, Cabécar had more conflict, most likely because they live off the land and have frequent “real” encounters with felines. This study makes several contributions: 1) evidence suggests competition is not the only reason for killing large felines; motivations also include constructing them as man-eaters and as food, raising questions about the important role social and cultural factors play in solutions to conflict; 2) meanings from Cabécar are products of a traditional and modernised relationship with large felines; 3) Cabécar include jaguars as food, suggesting future research and conservation management must understand Indigenous Peoples' relations with large predators, including their diets and traditions; 4) potential for conflict may increase between Ticos and large felines as they repopulate; 5) culture is crucial to examine prior to management implementation.

中文翻译：

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社会文化视角：哥斯达黎加与美洲虎和美洲狮的人类冲突

本文介绍了哥斯达黎加中美洲生物走廊（MBC）部分地区冲突的社会文化建构以及美洲虎和美洲狮被杀的数据。参与者观察和131次访谈的结果表明，蒂科斯（非土著人民）和卡贝卡尔（土著人民）在四个独立的冲突维度上存在文化差异，其中大型猫科动物被构造为竞争者，食物，食者，真实的和想象的。与Ticos相比，Cabécar的冲突更多，这很可能是因为他们生活在陆地上并且经常与猫科动物进行“真实的”接触。这项研究做出了一些贡献：1）证据表明竞争并不是杀死大型猫科动物的唯一原因；动机还包括将它们构建为食人者和食物，质疑社会和文化因素在解决冲突中的重要作用；2）Cabécar的含义是具有大型猫科动物传统和现代关系的产物；3）Cabécar包括美洲虎作为食物，这表明未来的研究和保护管理必须了解土著人民与大型掠食者的关系，包括其饮食和传统；4）Ticos和大型猫科动物重新繁殖时，冲突的可能性可能会增加；5）文化对于实施管理至关重要。与大型掠食者的关系，包括其饮食和传统；4）Ticos和大型猫科动物重新繁殖时，冲突的可能性可能会增加；5）文化对于实施管理至关重要。与大型掠食者的关系，包括其饮食和传统；4）Ticos和大型猫科动物重新繁殖时，冲突的可能性可能会增加；5）文化对于实施管理至关重要。