We contribute to the growing body of literature on the ecological and socio-psychological impacts of providing payments as rewards for conservation. We conducted a systematic review of 74 payments for ecosystem services (PES) schemes and identified contextual factors that correlate with psychological mechanisms that enhance (”crowd-in”) or erode (”crowd-out”) autonomous motivation. Such indicators of crowding-in were more likely when schemes empowered local participants, provided in-kind non-monetary community benefits, and aimed to foster feelings of autonomy. Schemes that thwarted feelings of autonomy correlated with indicators of motivational crowding-out. Although motivational crowding had no effect on ecological success, indicators of crowding-in positively predicted social success (χ2 = 8.60, n = 48, p = 0.003) and crowding-out negatively predicted social success (χ2 = 9.59, n = 47, p = 0.002). Compared to past studies highlighting the negative impacts of extrinsic rewards on autonomous motivation, our study provides a more nuanced perspective and demonstrates that extrinsic incentives such as payments can promote crowding-in of autonomous motivation if schemes are designed equitably and provide opportunities for autonomous decision-making. Our study demonstrates how the application of psychological theories can contribute to the design of fair and effective PES schemes.

中文翻译：

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生态系统服务计划付款的激励性拥挤：全球系统评价

我们为日益增长的关于提供付款作为保护奖励的生态和社会心理影响的文献做出了贡献。我们对74种生态系统服务付费计划进行了系统的审查，并确定了与增强（“挤入”）或侵蚀（“挤出”）自主动机的心理机制相关的背景因素。当计划赋予当地参与者权力，提供实物非货币社区福利并旨在培养自治感时，这种挤入的可能性就更大。阻碍自主感的计划与动机性挤出的指标相关。尽管动机性拥挤对生态成功没有影响，但拥挤指标积极预测了社会成功（χ2= 8.60，n = 48，p = 0。003）并排除了对社会成功的负面预测（χ2= 9.59，n = 47，p = 0.002）。与以往的研究强调外部奖励对自主动机的负面影响相比，我们的研究提供了更为细微的视角，并表明，如果计划设计合理，并为自主决策提供了机会，那么诸如支付之类的外部奖励可以促进自主动机的拥挤。制造。我们的研究表明，心理学理论的应用如何有助于公平，有效的体育教育计划的设计。我们的研究提供了更为细致入微的观点，并证明了外部激励措施如付款可以促进公平设计计划的公平动机并为自主决策提供机会。我们的研究表明，心理学理论的应用如何有助于公平，有效的体育教育计划的设计。我们的研究提供了更为细致入微的观点，并证明了外部激励措施（如支付）可以促进公平设计方案的公平竞争并为自主决策提供机会。我们的研究表明，心理学理论的应用如何有助于公平，有效的体育教育计划的设计。