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Outside the Frame: Looking Beyond the Myth of Garamba's LRA Ivory–Terrorism Nexus
Conservation and Society ( IF 2.492 ) Pub Date : 2019-01-01 , DOI: 10.4103/cs.cs_18_145
Kristof Titeca , Patrick Edmond

There have been widespread reports of elephant poaching by the Lord's Resistance Army (LRA) in Garamba National Park (GNP) in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), presenting a narrative that ivory poaching funds terror and that both can be solved by the same (military) intervention. This narrative distorts the complex dynamics. It identifies clear villains, edits out other poaching actors, and legitimises particular interventions. Poaching is portrayed as a moral, non-political issue and military intervention is portrayed as a logical outcome. The wider history and current context are neglected. The LRA's poaching threat, relative to other actors, is overemphasised. It ignores how the LRA poaching—real as it was—fits into a history of poaching caused by problems with state capacity and territorial control, including incursions by armed actors. The situation demands solutions that are more complex than merely defeating the LRA. More so, military intervention against the LRA has worsened poaching, due to state military implications in poaching. The article shows how the 'LRA ivory–terrorism' narrative is a discursive tool for particular agendas, which primarily allow particular interventions, legitimisation of resources, or wider readership. In this way, the actors involved create their own echo-chamber, which is less concerned with local dynamics and which does not include practical conservation actors in Garamba. The narrative has also begun to shift.

中文翻译:

框架之外:超越加兰巴的上帝抵抗军象牙-恐怖主义联系的神话

已有大量报道称,上帝抵抗军(LRA)在刚果民主共和国(DRC)的加兰巴国家公园(GNP)偷猎大象,这说明了象牙偷猎资金存在恐怖,并且两者都可以通过相同(军事)干预。这种叙述扭曲了复杂的动力。它可以识别明显的恶棍,编辑其他偷猎者,并使特定的干预措施合法化。偷猎被描绘成道德,非政治问题,军事干预被描绘成合乎逻辑的结果。更广泛的历史和当前背景被忽略了。相对于其他参与者,上帝抵抗军的偷猎威胁被过分强调。它忽略了LRA的盗猎行为(实际上)如何适合因国家能力和领土控制问题而造成的盗猎历史,包括武装分子的入侵。这种情况要求的解决方案比仅仅击败上帝抵抗军还要复杂。更重要的是,由于国家对偷猎活动的军事影响,对上帝军的军事干预使偷猎情况进一步恶化。本文说明了“ LRA象牙-恐怖主义”的叙事如何成为特定议程的话语工具,该议程主要允许进行特定干预,使资源合法化或扩大读者群。这样,参与的演员创建​​了他们自己的回声腔室,该腔室较少关注局部动态,并且不包括Garamba中的实际保护演员。叙述也开始转移。由于国家在偷猎中的军事影响。本文说明了“ LRA象牙-恐怖主义”的叙事如何成为特定议程的话语工具,该议程主要允许进行特定干预,使资源合法化或扩大读者群。这样,参与的演员创建​​了他们自己的回声腔室,该腔室较少关注局部动态,并且不包括Garamba中的实际保护演员。叙述也开始转移。由于国家在偷猎中的军事影响。本文说明了“ LRA象牙-恐怖主义”的叙事如何成为特定议程的话语工具,该议程主要允许进行特定干预,使资源合法化或扩大读者群。这样,参与的演员创建​​了他们自己的回声腔室,该腔室较少关注局部动态,并且不包括Garamba中的实际保护演员。叙述也开始转移。它较少关注当地动态,并且不包括Garamba中的实际保护角色。叙述也开始转移。它较少关注当地动态,并且不包括Garamba中的实际保护角色。叙述也开始转移。
更新日期:2019-01-01
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