Based on data that tracks CV and publication records as well as survey information from sociologists in German academia, we examine the effects of parenthood on the publication output of male and female academics. Results indicate that having children leads to a significant decline in the number of publications by women, while not affecting the number of publications by men. We also find that the gendered effect of children on productivity hardly mitigates differences in publication output between men and women, as women still publish about 20 percent less than men after controlling for the adverse effects of children on productivity. We further find that the gendered effect of childbearing depends partly on prior levels of women's academic achievements, which suggests mechanisms of performance-driven self-selection. Lower-performing women tend to suffer a stronger motherhood penalty, while the publication output of more successful women (who have been granted academic awards) is not reduced through childbirth. The results indicate that women are better at managing the 'double burden' of parenthood and career if external, award-giving committees have bestowed prestige upon them and indicated their potential for a scientific career. Overall, these findings contribute to a better understanding of how to reduce the adverse effect of children on female publication output.

中文翻译：

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学术界有母性惩罚吗？儿童对德国社会学学术出版物的性别影响

基于跟踪简历和出版记录的数据以及德国学术界社会学家的调查信息，我们研究了父母身份对男性和女性学者的出版产出的影响。结果表明，有孩子会导致女性发表论文的数量显着下降，而不会影响男性发表的论文数量。我们还发现，儿童对生产力的性别影响几乎无法减轻男性和女性出版量的差异，因为在控制了儿童对生产力的不利影响后，女性的出版量仍比男性少 20%。我们进一步发现，生育的性别效应部分取决于女性先前的学术成就水平，这表明了绩效驱动的自我选择机制。表现较差的女性往往会遭受更强烈的母性惩罚，而更成功的女性（获得学术奖项）的出版量并不会因为生育而减少。结果表明，如果外部颁奖委员会赋予女性声望并表明她们有从事科学事业的潜力，那么女性更擅长管理父母身份和职业的“双重负担”。总体而言，这些发现有助于更好地了解如何减少儿童对女性出版物产出的不利影响。如果外部的颁奖委员会赋予他们声望并表明他们有从事科学事业的潜力，则他们的父母身份和职业生涯。总体而言，这些发现有助于更好地了解如何减少儿童对女性出版物产出的不利影响。如果外部的颁奖委员会赋予他们声望并表明他们有从事科学事业的潜力，则他们的父母身份和职业生涯。总体而言，这些发现有助于更好地了解如何减少儿童对女性出版物产出的不利影响。