Most elderly care continues to be delivered informally within families. Yet we still lack a thorough understanding of how care responsibilities are shared across both family ties and generations. We explore the gender dimension of caregiving in the distribution of elderly care between couple members (care provided to parents and parents-in-law and to children or grandchildren) and its associations with siblings’ sex composition in a range of European countries. Using SHARE data and multinomial multilevel models, we test how responsibility for elderly care is shared across children and mediated by their partners and their siblings’ sex composition as well as how it is combined with other downward care responsibilities, towards children and grandchildren. Results confirm the very gendered nature of elderly care. But who do men shift elderly care responsibilities to? We find that elderly care is more likely shifted to sisters than brothers, especially when caregiving becomes intense. We also find that the lower contribution by sons does not seem to prompt transfers of care responsibilities to their female partners within couples. Finally, although upward and downward caring responsibilities might compete, we find that individuals who are more inclined to provide care tend to do so in both directions.

中文翻译：

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更正“性别是否优先于家庭关系？夫妻间和兄弟姐妹间的养老共享

大多数老年护理继续在家庭内部以非正式方式提供。然而，我们仍然缺乏对家庭关系和几代人之间如何分担照顾责任的透彻了解。我们探讨了夫妻成员之间老年护理分配（向父母和岳父母以及子女或孙子女提供的护理）中护理的性别维度及其与一系列欧洲国家兄弟姐妹性别构成的关联。使用 SHARE 数据和多项式多级模型，我们测试了照顾老人的责任如何在孩子之间分担，并由他们的伴侣和兄弟姐妹的性别构成介导，以及它如何与其他向下的照顾责任相结合，对孩子和孙子孙女。结果证实了老年人护理的性别特征。但是男人把照顾老人的责任交给谁呢？我们发现老年护理更可能转移给姐妹而不是兄弟，尤其是当照顾变得紧张时。我们还发现，儿子的较低贡献似乎并没有促使夫妻之间将照料责任转移给她们的女性伴侣。最后，虽然向上和向下的照顾责任可能会相互竞争，但我们发现更倾向于提供照顾的人往往会双向这样做。