This study examines how natural and manufactured ice were embraced in the expanding realm of urban hygiene in the Finnish capital city of Helsinki during the latter half of the nineteenth century and especially during the first half of the twentieth century. The study reveals the ambivalent nature of ice, as it was used as a mediator of coldness for refrigeration purposes. While it benefitted hygienic food preservation, it was increasingly perceived as a potential transmitter of pathogenic bacteria, and thus a hygienic risk. The study addresses the ambiguous questions surrounding purity in regards to natural resources and their ‘artificial’ alternatives by linking them to the, then, increasingly topical problem of environmental pollution within the context of a rapidly urbanising and modernising city. The study contributes to the increasing number of environmental historical studies on the diverse aspects of the cryosphere by broadening the focus to urban regions.

中文翻译：

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“从现在开始，我们都要求：给我们纯冰！” – 芬兰赫尔辛基 19 世纪和 20 世纪食品卫生服务中的天然和人造冰

本研究探讨了 19 世纪下半叶，尤其是 20 世纪上半叶，芬兰首都赫尔辛基不断扩大的城市卫生领域如何接受天然冰和人造冰。该研究揭示了冰的矛盾性质，因为它被用作冷藏的冷媒。虽然它有利于食品的卫生保存，但越来越多的人认为它是病原菌的潜在传播者，因此存在卫生风险。该研究通过将自然资源及其“人工”替代品与当时在快速城市化和现代化城市背景下日益成为热门话题的环境污染问题联系起来，解决了围绕自然资源及其“人工”替代品的纯度的模棱两可的问题。