Climate change being a product of industrialization can easily fuel the idea that adaptation to climate impacts is something new. Scholars of the past, however, show that societies have dynamically and heterogeneously coped with climate variability and with recurrent and abrupt weather extremes. This research aims to explore adaptation in preindustrial societies taking into account different levels of social organization. We argue that this multilevel perspective can enrich our understanding of the critical levels contributing to cope with climate impacts in past societies. Archival research was carried out in the early modern villages of Terrassa and Sant Pere (Barcelona, Spain) to reconstruct the set of strategies to cope with recurrent droughts both at the community and the household levels. We found that peasant families developed a wider range of strategies than communities, but that many strategies used by households and communities overlapped, potentially generating a redundancy effect and fostering complex strategies operating through cross-level interactions. By studying past adaptation strategies with common taxonomies and detailed methodologies, our paper aims to improve interdisciplinary communication with research about the human dimensions of anthropogenic climate change. Forthcoming in Environment and History. © 2018 The White Horse Press

中文翻译：

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谨慎的农民：现代早期西班牙对干旱的多层次适应（1600-1715）

气候变化是工业化的产物，很容易让人认为适应气候影响是新事物。然而，过去的学者表明，社会已经动态地、异质地应对气候变化以及反复出现的突然天气极端事件。本研究旨在探讨前工业社会的适应，同时考虑到不同层次的社会组织。我们认为，这种多层次的观点可以丰富我们对有助于应对过去社会气候影响的关键水平的理解。在早期现代村庄 Terrassa 和 Sant Pere（西班牙巴塞罗那）进行了档案研究，以重建应对社区和家庭层面反复发生的干旱的一套策略。我们发现农民家庭比社区制定了更广泛的策略，但家庭和社区使用的许多策略重叠，可能会产生冗余效应，并通过跨层次互动促进复杂的策略。通过使用常见分类法和详细方法研究过去的适应策略，我们的论文旨在通过研究人为气候变化的人文因素来改善跨学科交流。即将到来的环境和历史。© 2018 白马出版社 通过使用常见分类法和详细方法研究过去的适应策略，我们的论文旨在通过研究人为气候变化的人文因素来改善跨学科交流。即将到来的环境和历史。© 2018 白马出版社 通过使用常见分类法和详细方法研究过去的适应策略，我们的论文旨在通过研究人为气候变化的人文因素来改善跨学科交流。即将到来的环境和历史。© 2018 白马出版社