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'The Lungs of the City': Green Space, Public Health and Bodily Metaphor in the Landscape of Urban Park History
Environment and History ( IF 0.925 ) Pub Date : 2018-02-01 , DOI: 10.3197/096734018x15137949591837
Karen R. Jones

New machinery, factory systems and a burgeoning population made the nineteenth century the era of the city. It also represented the coming of age of the city park. Across Europe and North America, elite spaces were opened to public access and new areas dedicated as ‘parks for the people.’ This paper offers a brief tour of green spaces across three iconic metropolitan sites – London, Paris and New York - to consider how the axioms of recreation, industrial modernity and public health operated in specific urban contexts. Of particular note is the fact that park planners embraced an holistic vision, often articulated via bodily metaphors, that incorporated both social and environmental aspects: thus behind apparently nostalgic visions for a pre-industrial bucolic greenery lay irrefutably modern approaches to urban planning that presaged twenty and twenty-first century holistic experiments in garden cities and ‘living homes.’ Also central to this study is the idea of the park as a liminal space and an eminently readable landscape: an evolving site of translation, negotiation and transformation that highlights the fertile ground of cross-disciplinary study and the benefits of a complex ecological history that involves close examination of place, action and imagery.

中文翻译:

“城市之肺”:城市公园历史景观中的绿地、公共卫生和身体隐喻

新机器、工厂系统和迅速增长的人口使 19 世纪成为城市时代。它也代表了城市公园时代的到来。在欧洲和北美,精英空间向公众开放,新区域专门作为“人民公园”。本文简要介绍了伦敦、巴黎和纽约这三个标志性大都市区的绿色空间,以考虑休闲、工业现代性和公共卫生的公理如何在特定的城市环境中运作。特别值得注意的是,公园规划者接受了一个整体愿景,通常通过身体隐喻来表达,其中包括社会和环境方面:因此,在对工业化前田园绿地明显怀旧的愿景背后,是无可辩驳的现代城市规划方法,预示着 20 和 21 世纪在花园城市和“生活家园”中的整体实验。本研究的另一个核心是将公园作为一个阈限空间和可读性极佳的景观的想法:一个不断发展的翻译、协商和转型场所,突出了跨学科研究的沃土和复杂生态历史的好处,其中涉及仔细检查地点、动作和意象。
更新日期:2018-02-01
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