It may be a bit of an exaggeration to claim that television is dead, although it is obvious that today television does not hold the same significance as it previously had.1 During the 1970s and 1980s it still provided an important topic of casual conversation.2 Whereas at that time it was safe to assume that everyone at work, school or university had watched the same television programmes, this assumption is no longer safe to make.3 English media researcher John Ellis has described this shift thusly: ‘The mode of address of programmes begins to change, becoming less universalistic and more specific. At the same time, the audience’s basic orientation towards television begins to change. Everyday conversation changes from “What did you think of the programme last night?” to an initial “Did you see the programme last night?” or even “I caught an interesting programme last night...”. This change is crucial. The first attitude is from the Cold War era, in which it was quite natural to assume that anyone would probably have seen the same programme as you. But in the era of globalization, no such assumption can be made.4 It is not difficult to think of reasons why the glory days of television are over. In addition to the increased availability of television channels and programmes, the pervasiveness of the internet, personal computers, cellular phones and new forms of social media skyrocketed after the turn of the millennium in all wealthy post-industrial societies.

中文翻译：

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走向电视的环境史。1970 年地球日之前芬兰广播中的水污染问题

声称电视已死可能有点夸大其词，尽管今天的电视显然不像以前那么重要。1 在 1970 年代和 1980 年代，它仍然提供了一个重要的闲聊话题。 2虽然当时可以安全地假设每个人在工作、学校或大学都看过相同的电视节目，但这种假设不再安全。3 英国媒体研究员约翰埃利斯如此描述这种转变：“称呼方式计划开始发生变化，变得不那么普遍而更加具体。与此同时，观众对电视的基本取向开始发生变化。日常对话从“你对昨晚的节目有什么看法？” 到最初的“你昨晚看节目了吗？” 甚至“我昨晚看到了一个有趣的节目......”。这种变化至关重要。第一种态度来自冷战时代，在冷战时期，很自然地假设任何人都可能会看到与您相同的节目。但在全球化时代，这种假设是不可能的。4 电视的辉煌时代结束的原因不难想象。除了电视频道和节目的可用性增加之外，在所有富裕的后工业社会，互联网、个人电脑、移动电话和新形式的社交媒体在千禧年之交之后的普及程度也急剧上升。第一种态度来自冷战时代，在冷战时期，很自然地假设任何人都可能会看到与您相同的节目。但在全球化时代，这种假设是不可能的。4 电视的辉煌时代结束的原因不难想象。除了电视频道和节目的可用性增加之外，在所有富裕的后工业社会，互联网、个人电脑、移动电话和新形式的社交媒体在千禧年之交之后的普及程度也急剧上升。第一种态度来自冷战时代，很自然地假设任何人都可能和你看过同样的节目。但在全球化时代，这种假设是不可能的。4 电视的辉煌时代结束的原因不难想象。除了电视频道和节目的可用性增加之外，在所有富裕的后工业社会中，互联网、个人电脑、手机和新形式的社交媒体在千禧年之交之后的普及程度也急剧上升。