This article examines the history of immigrant business proprietors in England and Wales between 1851 and 1911. The newly available electronic version of the Census (I-CeM) allows all business proprietors in each Census year to be identified, and provides birthplace information that allows entrepreneurs from different countries to be compared to each other and to business proprietors born in the United Kingdom. Immigrant populations had higher rates of business proprietorship than the English and Welsh-born population. This article argues that this was caused by labour market structure and demography rather than cultural differences between English- and foreign-born business proprietors.

中文翻译：

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英格兰和威尔士的移民企业主（1851-1911）

本文考察了 1851 年至 1911 年间英格兰和威尔士的移民企业主的历史。新推出的电子版人口普查 (I-CeM) 允许识别每个人口普查年度的所有企业主，并提供出生地信息，允许企业家来自不同国家的人可以相互比较，也可以与在英国出生的企业主进行比较。与英国和威尔士出生的人口相比，移民人口拥有更高的企业所有权。本文认为，这是由劳动力市场结构和人口结构造成的，而不是英国和外国出生的企业主之间的文化差异。