Between 1815 and 1870, thousands of British artisans emigrated to the continent. Among them, hundreds of lacemakers from the East Midlands went to work in northern France, especially Calais. Thanks to the ‘bobbin-net’ technology, they had a competitive lead. By emigrating, they could sell in French markets without paying duties or smuggling costs. They maintained close connections with the East Midlands, where they bought machinery and cotton thread, hired their workforce, and obtained first-hand information on patterns and techniques. These migrant artisans played a decisive part in boosting continental industrialisation and in creating a unified zone of production in north-western Europe.

中文翻译：

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英国蕾丝制造者移居欧洲大陆（1816-1860 年代）

1815 年至 1870 年间，数以千计的英国工匠移民到欧洲大陆。其中，有数百名来自东米德兰兹郡的蕾丝工匠前往法国北部，尤其是加来工作。多亏了“线轴网”技术，他们在竞争中处于领先地位。通过移民，他们可以在不支付关税或走私费用的情况下在法国市场上销售。他们与东米德兰兹保持密切联系，在那里购买机器和棉线，雇佣劳动力，并获得有关图案和技术的第一手信息。这些移民工匠在推动大陆工业化和在西北欧建立统一的生产区方面发挥了决定性作用。