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Prohibition, Tolerance, Co-option: Cultural Appropriation and Francoism in Catalonia, 1939–75
Contemporary European History ( IF 0.962 ) Pub Date : 2018-07-23 , DOI: 10.1017/s0960777318000267
ANDREW DOWLING

Dictatorships, autocracies and authoritarian political systems must adapt if they wish to survive. The long-lasting dictatorship of Franco's Spain (1939–75) underwent a series of internal adaptations during its almost forty years of existence. The initial project of the Franco regime, which included the destruction of its social and political enemies, lasted until the end of the Second World War. The second phase, marked by a failed autarkic experiment, ended in 1959. The economic change that followed entailed a moderate opening in political terms, whilst maintaining a dictatorial apparatus. This article examines a further feature in the evolution of the Franco regime which initially sought to impose a monolithic national identity (Spanish) by means of the repression of its national minorities (Basque, Catalan, Galician and so on). Due to the absence of a violent political movement as existed in the Basque Country in the form of ETA, Catalonia is a particularly fruitful source to examine the shifts that took place in the Franco regime's policy towards Spain's historic nationalities. This article focuses on the intermediate spaces that appeared between overt opposition on the one hand and active collaboration on the other. This article assesses the evolving policy towards Catalan culture and identity during the dictatorship. I find three main phases in the regime's strategy: repression, followed by comparative tolerance with a final phase of the co-option of Catalan culture, for the purposes of regime legitimation.

中文翻译:

禁止、容忍、共同选择:加泰罗尼亚的文化占有和佛朗哥主义,1939-75

独裁、专制和专制政治制度如果想生存下去就必须适应。佛朗哥的西班牙(1939-75 年)的长期独裁统治在其近四十年的存在中经历了一系列内部调整。佛朗哥政权的最初计划,包括摧毁其社会和政治敌人,一直持续到第二次世界大战结束。第二阶段以失败的自给自足实验为标志,于 1959 年结束。随之而来的经济变革带来了政治方面的温和开放,同时保持了独裁机构。本文考察了佛朗哥政权演变的另一个特征,该政权最初试图通过镇压少数民族(巴斯克人、加泰罗尼亚人、加利西亚人等)来强加统一的民族认同(西班牙人)。由于巴斯克地区没有以 ETA 形式存在的暴力政治运动,加泰罗尼亚是研究佛朗哥政权对西班牙历史民族的政策转变的一个特别富有成效的来源。本文重点关注一方面是公开反对,另一方面是积极合作之间出现的中间空间。本文评估了独裁统治期间针对加泰罗尼亚文化和身份的不断演变的政策。我发现政权战略的三个主要阶段:镇压,然后是比较宽容,最后阶段是为了政权合法化而吸收加泰罗尼亚文化。加泰罗尼亚是研究佛朗哥政权对西班牙历史民族的政策转变的一个特别富有成效的来源。本文重点关注一方面是公开反对,另一方面是积极合作之间出现的中间空间。本文评估了独裁统治期间针对加泰罗尼亚文化和身份的不断演变的政策。我发现政权战略的三个主要阶段:镇压,然后是比较宽容,最后阶段是为了政权合法化而吸收加泰罗尼亚文化。加泰罗尼亚是研究佛朗哥政权对西班牙历史民族的政策转变的一个特别富有成效的来源。本文重点关注一方面是公开反对,另一方面是积极合作之间出现的中间空间。本文评估了独裁统治期间针对加泰罗尼亚文化和身份的不断演变的政策。我发现政权战略的三个主要阶段:镇压,然后是比较宽容,最后阶段是为了政权合法化而吸收加泰罗尼亚文化。本文评估了独裁统治期间针对加泰罗尼亚文化和身份的不断演变的政策。我发现政权战略的三个主要阶段:镇压,然后是比较宽容,最后阶段是为了政权合法化而吸收加泰罗尼亚文化。本文评估了独裁统治期间针对加泰罗尼亚文化和身份的不断演变的政策。我发现政权战略的三个主要阶段:镇压,然后是比较宽容,最后阶段是为了政权合法化而吸收加泰罗尼亚文化。
更新日期:2018-07-23
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