Author(s): Shafir, Nir | Abstract: AbstractOver the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries an immense body of morality literature emerged in the Ottoman Empire as part of a widespread turn to piety. This article draws upon the anthropology of Islamic revival and secularism to reassess this literature's importance and propose a new view of the history of political thought in the empire. It does so through a close analysis of a fundamental concept of Ottoman political life: “naṣīḥat, ” or “advice.” Historians have used “advice books” to counter the presumption that the Ottoman Empire declined after the sixteenth century, but in doing so they have overlooked the concept's broader meaning as “morally corrective criticism.” I analyze two competing visions of naṣīḥat at the turn of the eighteenth century to reveal how the concept was deployed to politically transform the empire by reforming its subjects’ morality. One was a campaign by the chief jurist Feyzullah Efendi to educate every Muslim in the basic tenets of Islam. The other was a wildly popular “advice book” written by the poet Nābī to his son that both explicates a new moral code and declares the empire's government and institutions illegitimate. Both transformed politics by requiring that all subjects be responsible moral, and therefore political, actors. The pietistic turn, I argue, turned domestic spaces into political battlegrounds and ultimately created new, individualistic political subjectivities. This, though, requires challenging functionalist conceptions of the relationship between religion and politics and the secularist inclination among historians to relegate morality to the private sphere.

中文翻译：

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道德革命：重新构想奥斯曼帝国的虔诚政治

作者：Shafir、Nir | 摘要：摘要在 16 和 17 世纪，作为普遍转向虔诚的一部分，奥斯曼帝国出现了大量的道德文学。本文借鉴伊斯兰复兴和世俗主义的人类学，重新评估这些文献的重要性，并提出了帝国政治思想史的新观点。它通过对奥斯曼政治生活的一个基本概念的仔细分析来做到这一点：“naṣīḥat”或“建议”。历史学家曾使用“建议书”来反驳奥斯曼帝国在 16 世纪后衰落的假设，但在这样做时，他们忽略了这一概念作为“道德矫正批评”的更广泛含义。”我分析了 naṣīḥat 在 18 世纪之交的两个相互竞争的愿景，以揭示该概念如何通过改革臣民的道德来从政治上改变帝国。其中之一是首席法学家 Feyzullah Efendi 发起的一项运动，旨在教育每个穆斯林了解伊斯兰教的基本原则。另一本广受欢迎的“忠告书”由诗人纳比 (Nābī) 写给他的儿子，既阐述了新的道德准则，又宣布帝国的政府和机构是非法的。两者都通过要求所有主体成为负责任的道德行为者并因此成为政治行为者来改变政治。我认为，虔诚的转向将家庭空间变成了政治战场，并最终创造了新的、个人主义的政治主体。不过这，