当前位置: X-MOL 学术Comparative Studies in Society and History › 论文详情
Our official English website, www.x-mol.net, welcomes your feedback! (Note: you will need to create a separate account there.)
Signs of Risk: Materiality, History, and Meaning in Cold War Controversies over Nuclear Contamination
Comparative Studies in Society and History ( IF 1.016 ) Pub Date : 2020-07-01 , DOI: 10.1017/s001041752000016x
Davide Orsini

This study draws on ethnographic and archival evidence from the Italian Archipelago of La Maddalena, offshore from the northeastern corner of Sardinia, where in 1972 the U.S. Navy installed a base for nuclear submarines. It addresses two questions: (1) How do non-experts make sense of radiological risk absent knowledge and classified information about its instantiations and consequences? (2) How do objectifications of risk change and stabilize within the same community over time? STS scholarship has emphasized the epistemic and relational dimensions of lay/expert controversies over risk assessment. Many case studies, mostly focused on the Anglo-Saxon world, have assumed lay and expert ways of knowing are incompatible due to clashing cultural identities. I use Keane's concept of “semiotic ideologies” and Peircean semiotic theory to critically reassess the validity of that assumption and examine the role of material evidence in processes of signification to explain how experts and non-experts fix, challenge, and negotiate the meanings of radiological risk in sociotechnical controversies. I critically review empirical studies and analyze ethnographic and archival data to advance a set of methodological and substantive arguments: meanings of risk change as new signs become available for interpretation; and meanings of risk are semiotically regimented: their emergence or silencing depend upon the power relations in place in a given community and organizational efforts to assemble coherent technopolitical arguments. I call this set of organizational practices “politics of coherence.”

中文翻译:

风险迹象:冷战核污染争议的重要性、历史和意义

这项研究借鉴了意大利拉马达莱纳群岛的人种学和档案证据,该群岛位于撒丁岛东北角的近海,1972 年美国海军在那里安装了核潜艇基地。它解决了两个问题:(1) 在没有关于其实例和后果的知识和机密信息的情况下,非专家如何理解放射风险?(2) 随着时间的推移,风险的对象化如何在同一社区内变化和稳定?STS 奖学金强调了非专业/专家对风险评估的争议的认知和关系维度。许多案例研究,主要集中在盎格鲁-撒克逊世界,假设由于文化身份冲突,外行和专家的认识方式是不相容的。我用基恩' 的“符号意识形态”概念和 Peircean 符号学理论,以批判性地重新评估该假设的有效性,并检查物质证据在意义过程中的作用,以解释专家和非专家如何确定、挑战和协商放射性风险的含义社会技术争议。我批判性地回顾了实证研究并分析了人种学和档案数据,以提出一套方法论和实质性论点:随着新迹象的出现,风险的意义会发生变化;风险的含义和含义在符号上是有规律的:它们的出现或沉默取决于特定社区中的权力关系和组织努力,以组装连贯的技术政治论点。我称这组组织实践为“一致性政治”。我批判性地回顾了实证研究并分析了人种学和档案数据,以提出一套方法论和实质性论点:随着新迹象的出现,风险的意义会发生变化;风险的含义和含义在符号上是有规律的:它们的出现或沉默取决于特定社区中的权力关系和组织努力,以组装连贯的技术政治论点。我称这组组织实践为“一致性政治”。我批判性地回顾了实证研究并分析了人种学和档案数据,以提出一套方法论和实质性论点:随着新迹象的出现,风险的意义会发生变化;风险的含义和含义在符号上是有规律的:它们的出现或沉默取决于特定社区中的权力关系和组织努力,以组装连贯的技术政治论点。我称这组组织实践为“一致性政治”。它们的出现或沉默取决于特定社区中的权力关系和组织努力,以汇集连贯的技术政治论点。我称这组组织实践为“一致性政治”。它们的出现或沉默取决于特定社区中的权力关系和组织努力,以汇集连贯的技术政治论点。我称这组组织实践为“一致性政治”。
更新日期:2020-07-01
down
wechat
bug