This article reframes the formation of the Ottoman-Habsburg frontier after 1699 in social historical terms. By going beyond diplomatic and military factors, it identifies how the contraction of Ottoman borders affected taxation, landholding, and Muslim-Christian relations in Bosnia. The article argues that peasants in Ottoman Bosnia experienced the mounting pressures of increasing taxation, manipulation over landownership, and religiously inflected hostility, often driven by those Muslim noblemen who tried to capitalize on the destabilizing wake of several wars that the Ottoman Empire fought with the Habsburg, Venetian, and Russian states in the eighteenth century. Through these processes, by the end of the century the meaning of the reaya or raya —an Ottoman term for taxpaying “subjects” that theoretically applied to all denominations, including Muslims—had become synonymous with “Christians,” acquiring a new political significance.

中文翻译：

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边境焦虑：走向奥斯曼-哈布斯堡边境穆斯林-基督教关系的社会史

本文从社会历史角度重新构建了 1699 年后奥斯曼-哈布斯堡边界的形成。通过超越外交和军事因素，它确定了奥斯曼帝国边界的收缩如何影响波斯尼亚的税收、土地持有和穆斯林-基督教关系。这篇文章认为，奥斯曼波斯尼亚的农民承受着越来越大的税收压力、对土地所有权的操纵以及宗教上的敌意，这些压力通常是由那些试图利用奥斯曼帝国与哈布斯堡王朝进行的几场战争带来的不稳定后果的穆斯林贵族推动的。 18 世纪的威尼斯和俄罗斯国家。通过这些过程，到本世纪末，reaya 或 raya 的含义——一个奥斯曼术语，用于纳税“主体”，理论上适用于所有教派，