A multiple causes perspective contends that economic development and poor health contributed to early 20th-century southern race-related differences in fertility. The authors link the 1910 IPUMS to the 1916 Plantation Census (1909 data), southern disease (malaria and hookworm), and sanitation indicators to examine fertility differentials, while accounting for child mortality (an endogenous demographic control). They find that African-American and white women in counties with higher malaria mortality had higher child mortality. Additionally, African-American women exposed to poorer sanitation and plantation development had higher child mortality. Consistent with a multiple causes perspective, white women’s fertility was lower where land improvement and school enrollment were higher. African-American women’s fertility was lower in health-place contexts of higher malaria mortality and greater plantation development.

中文翻译：

---

20 世纪早期美国南部的疾病、种植园发展和与种族相关的生育差异

多种原因的观点认为，经济发展和健康状况不佳导致了 20 世纪早期与南方种族相关的生育差异。作者将 1910 年 IPUMS 与 1916 年种植园普查（1909 年数据）、南方疾病（疟疾和钩虫）和卫生指标联系起来，以检查生育率差异，同时考虑到儿童死亡率（内源性人口控制）。他们发现，在疟疾死亡率较高的县，非裔美国人和白人妇女的儿童死亡率较高。此外，暴露于较差卫生条件和种植园发展的非洲裔美国妇女的儿童死亡率较高。与多种原因的观点一致，在土地改良和入学率较高的地方，白人妇女的生育率较低。