Forty years ago, Knut Fladmark (1979) argued that the Pacific Coast offered a viable alternative to the ice-free corridor model for the initial peopling of the Americas—one of the first to support a “coastal migration theory” that remained marginal for decades. Today, the pre-Clovis occupation at the Monte Verde site is widely accepted, several other pre-Clovis sites are well documented, investigations of terminal Pleistocene subaerial and submerged Pacific Coast landscapes have increased, and multiple lines of evidence are helping decode the nature of early human dispersals into the Americas. Misconceptions remain, however, about the state of knowledge, productivity, and deglaciation chronology of Pleistocene coastlines and possible technological connections around the Pacific Rim. We review current evidence for several significant clusters of early Pacific Coast archaeological sites in North and South America that include sites as old or older than Clovis. We argue that stemmed points, foliate points, and crescents (lunates) found around the Pacific Rim may corroborate genomic studies that support an early Pacific Coast dispersal route into the Americas. Still, much remains to be learned about the Pleistocene colonization of the Americas, and multiple working hypotheses are warranted.

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Fladmark + 40：我们从美洲潜在的太平洋沿岸人口中学到了什么？

四十年前，Knut Fladmark (1979) 认为，太平洋海岸为美洲最初的人口提供了一种可行的替代无冰走廊模型的方法——这是最早支持几十年来一直处于边缘地位的“沿海迁移理论”的地区之一. 今天，佛得山遗址的克洛维斯之前的占领被广泛接受，其他几个克洛维斯之前的遗址都有详细记录，对更新世末期地下和太平洋海岸淹没景观的调查有所增加，多条证据有助于解读早期人类散布到美洲。然而，关于更新世海岸线的知识状态、生产力和冰川消融年表以及环太平洋周围可能的技术联系仍然存在误解。我们回顾了北美和南美几个重要的早期太平洋海岸考古遗址群的当前证据，其中包括比克洛维斯更古老或更古老的遗址。我们认为，在环太平洋地区发现的茎点、叶点和新月（月牙）可能证实了支持太平洋沿岸早期传播到美洲的路线的基因组研究。尽管如此，关于更新世美洲的殖民化还有很多有待了解，并且有必要提出多种工作假设。