Therapeutic, diagnostic, and imaging approaches based on nanotechnology offer distinct advantages in cancer treatment. Various nanotherapeutics have been presented as potential alternatives to traditional anticancer therapies such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgical intervention. Notably, the advantage of nanotherapeutics is mainly attributable to their accumulation and targeting ability toward cancer cells, multiple drug-carrying abilities, combined therapies, and imaging approaches. To date, numerous nanoparticle formulations have been developed for anticancer therapy and among them, metallic nanotherapeutics reportedly demonstrate promising cancer therapeutic and diagnostic efficiencies owing to their dense surface functionalization ability, uniform size distribution, and shape-dependent optical responses, easy and cost-effective synthesis procedure, and multiple anti-cancer effects. Metallic nanotherapeutics can remodel the tumor microenvironment by changing unfavorable therapeutic conditions into therapeutically accessible ones with the help of different stimuli, including light, heat, ultrasound, an alternative magnetic field, redox, and reactive oxygen species. The combination of metallic nanotherapeutics with both external and internal stimuli can be used to trigger the on-demand release of therapeutic molecules, augmenting the therapeutic efficacies of anticancer therapies such as photothermal therapy, photodynamic therapy, magnetic hyperthermia, sonodynamic therapy, chemodynamic therapy, and immunotherapy. In this review, we have summarized the role of different metallic nanotherapeutics in anti-cancer therapy, as well as their combinational effects with multiple stimuli for enhanced anticancer therapy.

基于纳米技术的治疗，诊断和成像方法在癌症治疗中具有明显的优势。已经提出了各种纳米疗法作为传统抗癌疗法如化学疗法，放射疗法和外科手术干预的潜在替代物。值得注意的是，纳米疗法的优势主要归因于它们对癌细胞的积累和靶向能力，多种载药能力，联合疗法和成像方法。迄今为止，已开发出许多用于抗癌治疗的纳米颗粒制剂，据报道，金属纳米治疗剂由于其致密的表面功能化能力，均匀的尺寸分布以及形状依赖性的光学响应而显示出令人鼓舞的癌症治疗和诊断效率，简单且经济高效的合成程序，并具有多种抗癌作用。金属纳米疗法可通过在不同刺激下将不利的治疗条件改变为可治疗的条件，从而重塑肿瘤的微环境，这些刺激包括光，热，超声，替代磁场，氧化还原和活性氧。金属纳米疗法与外部和内部刺激的结合可用于触发治疗分子的按需释放，从而增强抗癌疗法的治疗功效，例如光热疗法，光动力疗法，磁热疗，声动力疗法，化学动力疗法和免疫疗法。在这篇综述中，我们总结了不同金属纳米疗法在抗癌治疗中的作用，