Euterpe precatoria is a palm tree belonging to the Arecaceae family, occurring in Western and Central Brazilian Amazonia. Its fruit, which is very appreciated in the Amazon region, produces pulp that is consumed in fresh form. Its production is carried out almost exclusively by extractive farmers. In order to establish adequate strategies to sustain this genetic resource, we need knowledge about the diversity and genetic structure in natural populations. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of geographic distance on genetic structure in the main extractive populations of E. precatoria in the Brazilian Amazon. Leaves from 377 plants were collected in 19 populations located in 16 municipalities in the State of Amazonas and three in the State of Rondônia. Twelve microsatellite loci were used to genotype the plants. The diversity and genetic structure among populations were estimated. The average number of alleles per locus was 5.97. The observed heterozygosity means (HO) were higher than expected (HE) at the population level (HO = 0.72, HE = 0.66) and fixation index (f = -0.100) was negative. The FST value (0.1820) and the AMOVA results (Φ = 0.1796) showed population structure. The populations were clustered into three groups (K = 3) in the Bayesian analysis. The Discriminant Analysis of Principal Components (DAPC) confirmed eight clusters, with the populations close to those identified by the Bayesian analysis. The geographic differentiation was confirmed by the groupings obtained in the Structure analysis and the DACP function. Information related to phenotypic, genetic and environmental characterization of populations is important to guide conservation and management strategies and the formulation of public species management policies in Amazonia.

中文翻译：

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Euterpe precatoria Mart 种群的遗传结构。在巴西亚马逊

Euterpe precatoria 是一种棕榈树，属于槟榔科，产于巴西亚马逊西部和中部。它的果实在亚马逊地区非常受欢迎，生产的果肉以新鲜形式食用。它的生产几乎完全由采掘农民进行。为了制定适当的策略来维持这种遗传资源，我们需要了解自然种群的多样性和遗传结构。本研究旨在评估地理距离对巴西亚马逊地区 E. precatoria 主要提取种群遗传结构的影响。在位于亚马逊州 16 个城市和朗多尼亚州的三个城市的 19 个种群中收集了 377 株植物的叶子。十二个微卫星位点用于对植物进行基因分型。估计了种群间的多样性和遗传结构。每个基因座的等位基因平均数为 5.97。观察到的杂合性平均值 (H2O) 在群体水平 (H2O = 0.72, HE = 0.66) 高于预期 (HE)，固定指数 (f = -0.100) 为负值。FST 值 (0.1820) 和 AMOVA 结果 (Φ = 0.1796) 显示了种群结构。在贝叶斯分析中，种群被分为三组 (K = 3)。主成分判别分析 (DAPC) 确认了八个集群，其中的人群与贝叶斯分析确定的人群接近。地理差异通过在结构分析和 DACP 函数中获得的分组得到确认。与表型相关的信息，